ClimaBulletin

Mexico · Monthly

September 2026

Preliminary Issued 2026-10-11 · version 3 · Baseline 1991-2020 · next update 2026-10-25

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Version history (3)
  • version 3 · Preliminary · 2026-10-11 — no change in the headline figures
  • version 2 · Preliminary · 2026-10-11
  • version 1 · Preliminary · 2026-10-11 — first issue

1 Key messages and climate synopsis

  • National mean temperature of 26.6 °C (+2.1 °C relative to 1991–2020): the 2nd warmest September in the 1979–2026 series.
  • National precipitation of 114.6 mm, 80% of normal: the 8th driest September in the 1979–2026 series.
  • The highest maximum temperature at GHCN stations was 41.8 °C at Ciudad Constitucion, B.C.S. on 3 September.
  • The largest 24-hour rainfall at GHCN stations was 175.0 mm at Oaxaca, Oax. on 10 September.
  • 18 station records were broken (stations with at least 20 years of data).
  • Maximum temperature exceeded its 90th percentile on 64% of days (national mean; 10% expected).
  • Heat waves of national extent: 2; cold waves: 0.
  • 4 tropical cyclones passed within 300 km of the country; landfalls: Polo in Baja California Sur (category 2 hurricane).
  • 45% of the country was in drought by SPI-3 (Jul–Sep 2026), mainly in Morelos, Tamaulipas and Tabasco.
  • El Niño conditions of very strong intensity in the equatorial Pacific (ONI JAS 2026: +2.2 °C).
  • Preliminary figures: precipitation comes from CPC and will be updated with the final product.

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Mean temperature
26.6°C
+2.1 °C vs. normal (normal 24.5)
Extremely above normal
2nd warmest of 48 (1979–2026)
Maximum temperature
33.0°C
+3.3 °C vs. normal (normal 29.7)
Extremely above normal
2nd warmest of 48 (1979–2026)
Minimum temperature
20.3°C
+0.9 °C vs. normal (normal 19.4)
Slightly above normal
3rd warmest of 48 (1979–2026) (tied with 2003)
Precipitation
114.6mm
80% of normal (normal 143.1)
Near normal
8th driest of 48 (1979–2026)
Station records
18

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

2 Global and regional climate drivers

Sea-surface temperature anomaly, September 2026 (°C, 1991–2020)

Sea-surface temperature anomaly, September 2026 (°C, 1991–2020)

Source: NOAA NCEI / PSL

Sea-surface temperature anomaly in the Niño regions (°C)

RegionAnomaly (°C)Change from preceding period (°C)
Niño 1+24.70.6
Niño 33.60.5
Niño 3.42.80.3
Niño 40.90.0

Mean of the months in the period (OISST v2.1)

Source: NOAA CPC

El Niño conditions of very strong intensity: the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) for JAS 2026 was +2.2 °C.

Source: NOAA CPC

Monthly Niño 3.4 anomaly, last 24 months (°C)

Monthly Niño 3.4 anomaly, last 24 months (°C)

Source: NOAA CPC

MJO phase diagram (real-time OMI)

MJO phase diagram (real-time OMI)

Source: NOAA PSL

Teleconnection indices

IndexValuePhase
PDO−1.6Negative
NAO0.5Positive

Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO); North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).

Source: NOAA CPC, NOAA NCEI

The Niño 3.4 anomaly was +2.84 °C (+0.32 °C relative to the preceding period).

The MJO was active on 3 of 30 days, most often in phase 2 (Indian Ocean); mean amplitude 0.7.

Other indices: PDO −1.55 (negative phase); NAO +0.53 (positive phase).

3 Precipitation

National precipitation
114.6mm
80% of normal (normal 143.1)
Near normal
8th driest of 48 (1979–2026)

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Accumulated precipitation

Accumulated precipitation

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Percent of normal precipitation (1991–2020)

Percent of normal precipitation (1991–2020)

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Percent of normal by state

Percent of normal by state

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Precipitation by region

RegionTotal (mm)Normal (mm)Difference (%)Category
Northwest122.165.187.6Much above normal
North86.477.910.8Near normal
Northeast40.9157.2−74.0Much below normal
North-central72.9108.1−32.5Below normal
West-central127.2169.8−25.1Below normal
Central110.0184.3−40.3Below normal
South176.2278.7−36.8Below normal
East166.3315.3−47.3Below normal
Yucatán Peninsula164.7210.2−21.6Below normal

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Stations with the largest precipitation excess

RegionStateStationAltitude (m)Anomaly (%)
NorthwestBaja California SurLa Paz (City)18.0488.2
NorthCoahuilaSaltillo1790.0376.1
NorthwestBaja California SurCiudad Constitucion48.0299.2
NorthChihuahuaHidalgo Del Parral1661.0127.0
EastVeracruzJalapa1389.0109.5
NortheastTamaulipasCiudad Victoria355.093.3
SouthChiapasComitan1646.075.8
North-centralSan Luis PotosíRio Verde983.051.7
CentralEstado de MéxicoToluca (Obs)2726.037.9
CentralTlaxcalaTlaxcala De Xicontecatl (Dge)2230.024.5

Source: NOAA NCEI

Stations with the largest precipitation deficit

RegionStateStationAltitude (m)Anomaly (%)
NorthwestBaja CaliforniaEjido Nuevo Leon (Obs)11.0−90.0
Yucatán PeninsulaYucatánProgreso2.0−72.4
SouthChiapasTapachula118.0−58.3
EastVeracruzHacienda Ylang Ylang Veracruz16.0−17.8

Source: NOAA NCEI

Largest 24-hour rainfall at stations

StationStateMax 24 h rainfall (mm)Date
OaxacaOaxaca175.02026-09-10
TulancingoHidalgo141.02026-09-30
ManzanilloColima138.52026-09-30
ValladolidYucatán100.72026-09-08
OrizabaVeracruz99.92026-09-06
Tuxpan.Ver.Veracruz96.02026-09-30
La Paz (City)Baja California Sur94.62026-09-16
JalapaVeracruz87.42026-09-09
ComitanChiapas77.32026-09-05
Toluca (Obs)Estado de México70.32026-09-10

Source: NOAA NCEI

Daily national mean precipitation

Daily national mean precipitation

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Daily national mean and grid-cell maximum

DayNational mean (mm)Grid maximum (mm)State
2026-09-013.030.5Michoacán
2026-09-024.993.1Baja California Sur
2026-09-033.349.6—
2026-09-043.040.1Oaxaca
2026-09-053.236.5Guerrero
2026-09-064.342.3Sonora
2026-09-074.666.6Baja California Sur
2026-09-084.854.2Baja California Sur
2026-09-095.051.6Veracruz
2026-09-104.979.2Oaxaca
2026-09-112.646.0Sinaloa
2026-09-121.742.1Baja California Sur
2026-09-132.226.6Michoacán
2026-09-143.647.4Guerrero
2026-09-153.547.7—
2026-09-164.7146.7Chihuahua
2026-09-171.846.3Veracruz
2026-09-183.059.6Campeche
2026-09-193.034.0Chiapas
2026-09-203.265.8Quintana Roo
2026-09-212.249.9Jalisco
2026-09-222.754.6Chihuahua
2026-09-235.370.1Chihuahua
2026-09-246.866.5Oaxaca
2026-09-253.542.4Veracruz
2026-09-263.993.6Tamaulipas
2026-09-275.1143.8Nayarit
2026-09-283.346.9Chiapas
2026-09-295.497.6Baja California Sur
2026-09-306.392.6Sonora

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

National precipitation in September of each year

National precipitation in September of each year

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

National accumulated precipitation was 114.6 mm, 80% of the 1991–2020 average (143.1 mm), category “Near normal”. It was the 8th driest September in the 1979–2026 series.

The region with the highest percentage of normal was Northwest (188%) and the lowest was Northeast (26%).

The largest daily grid-cell total was estimated on 16 September in Chihuahua (146.7 mm).

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

4 Temperature

Mean temperature
26.6°C
+2.1 °C vs. normal (normal 24.5)
Extremely above normal
2nd warmest of 48 (1979–2026)

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Mean temperature

Mean temperature

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Mean temperature anomaly (1991–2020)

Mean temperature anomaly (1991–2020)

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Mean temperature anomaly by state

Mean temperature anomaly by state

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Stations with the largest positive anomaly

RegionStateStationAltitude (m)Anomaly (°C)
NorthwestSinaloaColonia Juan Carras4.00.6

Source: NOAA NCEI

National mean temperature anomaly in September of each year

National mean temperature anomaly in September of each year

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

The national mean temperature was 26.6 °C, 2.1 °C above the 1991–2020 average (24.5 °C), category “Extremely above normal”. It was the 2nd warmest September in the 1979–2026 series.

By region, the largest anomaly was in Northeast (+3.7 °C) and the smallest in Northwest (+1.2 °C).

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Maximum temperature
33.0°C
+3.3 °C vs. normal (normal 29.7)
Extremely above normal
2nd warmest of 48 (1979–2026)

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Maximum temperature anomaly (1991–2020)

Maximum temperature anomaly (1991–2020)

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Daily national maximum temperature

Daily national maximum temperature

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

The national maximum temperature was 33.0 °C, 3.3 °C above the 1991–2020 average (29.7 °C), category “Extremely above normal”. It was the 2nd warmest September in the 1979–2026 series.

By region, the largest anomaly was in Northeast (+5.5 °C) and the smallest in Northwest (+1.3 °C).

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Minimum temperature
20.3°C
+0.9 °C vs. normal (normal 19.4)
Slightly above normal
3rd warmest of 48 (1979–2026) (tied with 2003)

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Minimum temperature anomaly (1991–2020)

Minimum temperature anomaly (1991–2020)

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Lowest and highest monthly mean minimum temperature by region

RegionLowest value (°C)StationHighest value (°C)Station
Yucatán Peninsula24.5Valladolid, Yuc.25.4Progreso, Yuc.

Station monthly means (GHCN-Daily, ≥ 80% of days with data).

Source: NOAA NCEI

Daily national minimum temperature

Daily national minimum temperature

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

The national minimum temperature was 20.3 °C, 0.9 °C above the 1991–2020 average (19.4 °C), category “Slightly above normal”. It was the 3rd warmest September in the 1979–2026 series (tied with 2003).

By region, the largest anomaly was in Northeast (+2.0 °C) and the smallest in Central (−0.2 °C).

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

5 Climate extremes and records

Highest maximum temperature
41.8°C
Ciudad Constitucion, B.C.S. · 2026-09-03
Lowest minimum temperature
11.2°C
Jalapa, Ver. · 2026-09-17
Highest 24 h rainfall
175.0mm
Oaxaca, Oax. · 2026-09-10

Source: NOAA NCEI

Highest maximum temperature by state

StateStationTemperature (°C)Date
Baja CaliforniaSan Felipe Bcn37.72026-09-27
Baja California SurCiudad Constitucion41.82026-09-03
ChiapasComitan33.92026-09-14
ChihuahuaTemosachi (Obs)36.02026-09-06
CoahuilaSaltillo39.82026-09-14
ColimaManzanillo36.62026-09-23
DurangoDurango39.02026-09-04
JaliscoCiudad Guzman38.12026-09-04
MichoacánZamora37.92026-09-09
San Luis PotosíRio Verde39.52026-09-21
SinaloaColonia Juan Carras38.42026-09-05
SonoraPuerto Penasco35.02026-09-23
TamaulipasTampico39.02026-09-02
TlaxcalaTlaxcala De Xicontecatl (Dge)34.82026-09-30
VeracruzTuxpan.Ver.38.42026-09-18
YucatánValladolid37.62026-09-03

Source: NOAA NCEI

Lowest minimum temperature by state

StateStationTemperature (°C)Date
Baja CaliforniaSan Felipe Bcn22.12026-09-30
Baja California SurLa Paz (City)17.72026-09-27
ChiapasComitan11.42026-09-22
ChihuahuaTemosachi (Obs)16.02026-09-03
ColimaManzanillo19.22026-09-22
GuerreroChilpancingo Ro.12.02026-09-02
JaliscoCiudad Guzman15.42026-09-02
MichoacánZamora12.12026-09-02
OaxacaOaxaca12.62026-09-28
SinaloaChoix14.02026-09-23
SonoraPuerto Penasco24.62026-09-22
TamaulipasTampico15.82026-09-17
VeracruzJalapa11.22026-09-17
YucatánValladolid22.12026-09-20

Source: NOAA NCEI

Station records broken

StationStateVariableNew valueDatePrevious recordPrevious date
SaltilloCoahuilaHighest maximum temperature39.82026-09-1438.51950-09-20
DurangoDurangoHighest maximum temperature39.02026-09-0437.42023-09-26
Colonia Juan CarrasSinaloaHighest maximum temperature38.42026-09-0536.82023-09-05
Colonia Juan CarrasSinaloaLowest minimum temperature17.22026-09-0519.01983-09-23
TampicoTamaulipasLowest minimum temperature15.82026-09-1717.02020-09-30
GuadalajaraJaliscoHighest maximum temperature35.82026-09-0432.72023-09-13
TulancingoHidalgoHighest 24 h rainfall141.02026-09-3086.12007-09-28
Tuxpan.Ver.VeracruzLowest minimum temperature16.02026-09-0716.82020-09-29
ManzanilloColimaLowest minimum temperature19.22026-09-2220.71984-09-13
Ciudad GuzmanJaliscoHighest maximum temperature38.12026-09-0437.02024-09-25
ZamoraMichoacánHighest maximum temperature37.92026-09-0936.51968-09-10
Tlaxcala De Xicontecatl (Dge)TlaxcalaHighest maximum temperature34.82026-09-3029.62006-09-24
JalapaVeracruzHighest maximum temperature34.02026-09-2131.42020-09-02
OrizabaVeracruzHighest maximum temperature32.72026-09-0731.12020-09-01
CoatzacoalcosVeracruzLowest minimum temperature17.32026-09-1917.82014-09-14
OaxacaOaxacaHighest 24 h rainfall175.02026-09-10171.72017-09-19
Sn. Cristobal Las CasasChiapasHighest maximum temperature33.02026-09-1632.81984-09-29
ComitanChiapasHighest maximum temperature33.92026-09-1432.41992-09-01

Most extreme daily value of the period against the same period in all earlier years of record (at least 20 years; for weeks, the same calendar month).

Source: NOAA NCEI

Climate-extremes indices (national mean)

IndexDescriptionValueNormalDifferenceUnit
TX90pWarm days (Tmax > 90th percentile)64.210.054.2%
TN90pWarm nights (Tmin > 90th percentile)21.510.011.5%
TX10pCool days (Tmax < 10th percentile)1.310.0−8.7%
TN10pCold nights (Tmin < 10th percentile)2.510.0−7.5%
FDFrost days (Tmin < 0 °C)0.00.0−0.0d
SUSummer days (Tmax > 25 °C)28.924.84.1d
TRTropical nights (Tmin > 20 °C)16.714.52.3d
WSDIWarm spell days (≥ 6 days)12.3——d
CSDICold spell days (≥ 6 days)0.0——d
Rx1dayMaximum 1-day precipitation26.132.9−6.8mm
Rx5dayMaximum 5-day precipitation47.264.4−17.2mm
CDDConsecutive dry days (< 1 mm)7.78.3−0.6d
CWDConsecutive wet days (≥ 1 mm)5.25.9−0.6d

Percentile indices relative to calendar-day percentiles of 1991–2020 (5-day window); counts and maxima averaged over the country's grid cells.

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Heat and cold waves

DatesTypeDetails
2026-09-01 – 2026-09-22Heat waveUp to 81% of the country above the 90th percentile of Tmax. Regions: North, Northeast, North-central, West-central, Central, South, East and Yucatán Peninsula.
2026-09-26 – 2026-09-30Heat waveUp to 74% of the country above the 90th percentile of Tmax. Regions: North, Northeast, North-central, West-central, Central, South, East and Yucatán Peninsula.

Wave: at least 3 consecutive days with at least half of the country above the 90th percentile of maximum temperature (heat) or below the 10th percentile of minimum temperature (cold). At most the 10 most intense are listed.

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

6 Drought

Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) ending September 2026

Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) ending September 2026
SPI computed from CPC_PRECIP; gamma distribution fitted to 1991–2020 accumulations.

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Share of the country by SPI category

Share of the country by SPI category

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

States with the lowest SPI-3

StateSPI-1SPI-3SPI-6SPI-12Category
Morelos−1.1−2.4−1.3−1.0Extreme drought
Tamaulipas−1.6−2.3−0.6−0.8Extreme drought
Tabasco−1.9−2.1−1.9−1.1Extreme drought
Puebla−1.4−2.0−1.3−0.8Extreme drought
Chiapas−1.1−2.0−1.7−1.0Severe drought
Nuevo León−1.9−1.9−0.6−0.9Severe drought
Tlaxcala−1.4−1.9−0.7−0.3Severe drought
Oaxaca−1.1−1.8−1.2−0.7Severe drought
Nayarit−1.1−1.7−1.6−1.5Severe drought
Guerrero−1.1−1.6−1.3−1.1Severe drought

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

SPI-3 (Jul–Sep 2026): national mean −0.78; 45% of the country in drought (SPI ≤ −1.0) and 29% in severe or extreme drought.

Most affected states: Morelos (−2.40), Tamaulipas (−2.26) and Tabasco (−2.15).

SPI-1 (September 2026): 32% of the country in drought.

SPI-6 (Apr–Sep 2026): 24% of the country in drought.

SPI-12 (Oct 2025–Sep 2026): 20% of the country in drought.

7 Severe weather and notable events

Tracks of nearby tropical cyclones

Tracks of nearby tropical cyclones
Whole tracks; Saffir–Simpson category from NHC/JTWC. Source: IBTrACS v04 (provisional for recent seasons).

Source: NOAA NCEI

Tropical cyclones within 300 km of the country

NameBasinPeak intensityMaximum wind (km/h)StartEndClosest approach (km)LandfallLandfall intensity
MarieEastern North PacificCategory 2 hurricane1572026-08-292026-09-0871——
NorbertEastern North PacificTropical storm1022026-09-072026-09-15265——
PoloEastern North PacificCategory 5 hurricane2872026-09-172026-09-300Baja California SurCategory 2 hurricane
RachelEastern North PacificCategory 3 hurricane1942026-09-252026-10-08293——

Source: NOAA NCEI

Notable events

DatesTypeAreaDetails
2026-04-21 – 2026-10-09Drought—GDACS Orange alert: Drought in The Bahamas, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti, Mexico, Nicaragua, El Salvador.
2026-09-10Heavy rainOaxaca, Oax.175.0 mm in 24 hours.

GDACS alerts and station rainfall of 150 mm or more in 24 hours (after quality control).

Source: GDACS, NOAA NCEI

Tropical cyclones within 300 km of the country: 4 (Marie, Norbert, Polo and Rachel).

Landfalls: Polo in Baja California Sur (category 2 hurricane).

9 Outlook

Outlook for October 2026: most likely tercile

Outlook for October 2026: most likely tercile

Source: NOAA CPC

Outlook for Oct–Dec 2026: most likely tercile

Outlook for Oct–Dec 2026: most likely tercile

Source: NOAA CPC

Probability of each tercile by region, Oct–Dec 2026 (%)

RegionPrecipitation: belowPrecipitation: normalPrecipitation: aboveTemp.: belowTemp.: normalTemp.: above
Northwest16.031.053.018.029.053.0
North14.031.054.030.036.034.0
Northeast15.032.053.025.034.041.0
North-central11.030.059.018.031.051.0
West-central15.030.055.015.025.060.0
Central21.033.046.07.020.072.0
South23.034.044.016.025.059.0
East30.032.039.013.020.067.0
Yucatán Peninsula32.034.033.017.019.064.0

Source: NOAA CPC

ENSO outlook: probability of each phase (%)

ENSO outlook: probability of each phase (%)

Source: NOAA CPC

Probabilistic outlook from the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME), initialised in October 2026, relative to 1991–2020 terciles. It is not an official forecast: consult the national meteorological service.

Precipitation, October 2026: above normal is favoured over 91% of the country and below normal over 0%.

Mean temperature, October 2026: above normal is favoured over 66% of the country and below normal over 1%.

Precipitation, Oct–Dec 2026: above normal is favoured over 84% of the country and below normal over 0%.

Mean temperature, Oct–Dec 2026: above normal is favoured over 63% of the country and below normal over 0%.

Probability of El Niño in the official ENSO outlook: SON 100%, OND 100%, NDJ 100% and DJF 100%.

10 Annexes

Report climate regions

Report climate regions

Monthly precipitation by state (mm)

StateJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSep
Aguascalientes5.60.210.113.27.3160.388.670.5106.6
Baja California20.214.83.41.41.20.81.57.413.6
Baja California Sur24.74.14.70.00.21.513.558.0197.4
Campeche21.96.662.840.698.2149.8112.4153.5195.7
Chiapas48.321.966.572.9100.7221.3123.495.1231.2
Chihuahua24.911.55.14.28.252.879.944.0114.5
Ciudad de México7.92.036.448.2120.7237.7161.3175.0138.8
Coahuila9.61.02.829.137.269.655.59.224.8
Colima17.40.05.31.52.1160.1109.9161.2157.1
Durango33.24.34.26.010.185.8129.272.3105.2
Guanajuato10.80.48.234.229.6163.077.460.098.5
Guerrero6.26.99.321.342.2160.4114.5106.9154.7
Hidalgo11.68.720.239.186.8167.277.655.5108.0
Jalisco14.01.011.49.810.1172.1168.6132.8140.4
Estado de México16.02.830.051.689.7185.6122.6127.0110.0
Michoacán10.00.44.017.019.8140.1146.9106.1100.8
Morelos1.02.423.039.460.3228.7107.079.1126.3
Nayarit5.40.36.00.51.5130.8257.1125.0175.4
Nuevo León7.00.17.273.376.796.035.827.629.8
Oaxaca25.010.525.837.370.9230.0113.283.6148.2
Puebla14.514.336.554.479.9205.3111.369.1117.2
Querétaro7.24.921.022.862.3129.871.547.489.4
Quintana Roo37.015.689.954.6101.4118.586.670.2121.8
San Luis Potosí6.61.28.029.064.9155.457.434.858.9
Sinaloa34.32.52.50.11.949.0221.6160.2152.6
Sonora41.45.315.80.33.023.0108.069.5126.7
Tabasco154.529.0125.557.081.5156.787.1123.8159.5
Tamaulipas3.90.74.176.8119.3147.141.215.850.0
Tlaxcala9.23.542.365.389.7178.8103.674.791.3
Veracruz73.230.932.365.882.0259.9163.4126.5168.5
Yucatán20.46.267.946.4137.0174.7117.2136.4166.6
Zacatecas14.30.75.014.513.7113.370.655.984.3

CSV

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Monthly maximum temperature by state (°C)

StateJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSep
Aguascalientes22.827.428.331.331.927.627.828.727.4
Baja California21.223.228.125.427.231.633.834.532.7
Baja California Sur25.527.530.130.130.333.535.936.734.7
Campeche28.530.132.435.437.035.535.335.635.7
Chiapas27.829.130.833.134.532.532.632.933.2
Chihuahua19.124.129.129.332.435.534.134.632.0
Ciudad de México21.023.823.025.926.222.823.724.224.1
Coahuila20.627.730.730.433.535.434.836.935.8
Colima31.131.932.633.634.833.234.234.133.2
Durango22.327.229.432.132.832.931.232.130.9
Guanajuato25.129.229.732.833.529.229.830.329.7
Guerrero32.133.733.535.235.831.833.633.432.6
Hidalgo22.225.926.529.630.728.128.329.128.7
Jalisco27.430.030.933.234.230.230.430.729.9
Estado de México24.127.326.629.329.725.826.526.826.7
Michoacán30.833.433.835.836.431.632.232.431.8
Morelos29.032.332.134.935.029.831.632.331.7
Nayarit28.430.331.233.334.531.331.632.631.8
Nuevo León22.428.631.129.131.833.534.936.135.5
Oaxaca28.930.131.433.834.631.231.632.032.2
Puebla25.928.628.831.232.228.829.429.929.8
Querétaro23.427.628.430.932.128.628.829.929.5
Quintana Roo29.030.232.033.735.134.635.135.535.6
San Luis Potosí23.228.229.331.932.830.330.931.831.2
Sinaloa29.130.832.735.136.436.636.636.335.7
Sonora23.527.132.331.634.338.637.738.335.5
Tabasco27.128.730.834.136.034.735.035.035.1
Tamaulipas23.429.031.931.333.634.436.537.837.3
Tlaxcala22.725.424.827.328.024.725.525.725.9
Veracruz25.227.329.432.334.533.332.833.132.8
Yucatán29.731.533.335.737.636.337.036.636.4
Zacatecas20.725.826.729.830.327.827.828.527.2

CSV

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Monthly mean temperature by state (°C)

StateJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSep
Aguascalientes14.817.619.021.823.621.421.221.420.9
Baja California16.217.621.820.221.526.029.029.927.8
Baja California Sur19.721.023.723.823.827.530.031.329.6
Campeche22.623.326.429.231.030.329.729.830.0
Chiapas22.522.725.327.428.827.627.527.927.8
Chihuahua10.514.618.920.523.127.226.526.525.0
Ciudad de México12.714.414.917.918.416.617.017.317.5
Coahuila12.818.421.823.125.828.428.129.528.9
Colima25.225.625.827.229.128.629.028.928.4
Durango13.917.119.422.123.725.223.924.323.7
Guanajuato16.919.320.523.725.122.822.723.022.7
Guerrero24.625.525.727.929.026.427.227.126.7
Hidalgo14.916.818.221.522.921.921.521.921.9
Jalisco19.421.121.924.125.924.324.224.224.0
Estado de México15.216.717.520.521.319.419.319.519.8
Michoacán22.023.724.326.728.025.425.425.325.4
Morelos19.722.123.126.125.922.523.523.923.7
Nayarit21.222.223.225.126.826.226.126.526.4
Nuevo León15.020.022.722.925.327.227.828.828.5
Oaxaca21.121.523.626.227.525.525.425.825.9
Puebla17.218.519.822.623.822.221.922.122.2
Querétaro16.418.720.123.224.422.622.422.922.8
Quintana Roo23.223.526.228.130.230.129.930.130.0
San Luis Potosí15.418.320.123.424.623.623.424.223.8
Sinaloa20.922.024.826.327.830.230.330.029.8
Sonora16.219.223.523.726.431.531.731.929.5
Tabasco23.423.926.829.631.430.430.530.530.3
Tamaulipas16.720.724.025.527.529.129.630.530.5
Tlaxcala13.214.615.217.819.118.017.717.718.1
Veracruz20.521.624.227.028.928.427.927.927.6
Yucatán23.324.026.628.630.930.430.430.030.1
Zacatecas13.416.817.920.822.021.020.821.220.5

CSV

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Monthly minimum temperature by state (°C)

StateJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSep
Aguascalientes6.87.99.712.415.415.214.514.214.4
Baja California11.212.115.515.015.720.424.225.322.8
Baja California Sur14.014.517.217.417.221.524.125.824.6
Campeche16.716.520.422.925.025.124.123.924.2
Chiapas17.116.319.921.723.122.722.422.822.5
Chihuahua2.05.08.611.813.818.818.818.417.9
Ciudad de México4.55.06.79.910.510.410.310.410.9
Coahuila4.99.112.915.918.121.421.522.022.0
Colima19.319.418.920.923.424.023.923.623.7
Durango5.57.19.512.114.617.416.516.416.5
Guanajuato8.69.411.214.716.716.515.515.715.8
Guerrero17.217.217.920.522.221.020.920.820.8
Hidalgo7.77.89.813.515.015.614.614.715.0
Jalisco11.312.212.915.017.618.417.917.718.1
Estado de México6.36.18.411.712.813.012.212.312.9
Michoacán13.313.914.817.619.619.318.618.219.0
Morelos10.511.814.217.316.915.215.315.415.6
Nayarit14.014.215.216.819.221.020.620.521.0
Nuevo León7.711.514.316.718.720.820.821.421.5
Oaxaca13.412.915.818.620.519.919.319.719.5
Puebla8.58.410.813.915.415.614.314.314.7
Querétaro9.49.811.915.516.716.516.015.916.1
Quintana Roo17.516.720.422.525.325.724.824.724.4
San Luis Potosí7.58.510.914.816.417.016.016.616.4
Sinaloa12.813.316.917.619.323.724.023.723.9
Sonora8.811.314.815.818.424.525.825.423.6
Tabasco19.719.222.825.026.726.226.125.925.6
Tamaulipas10.012.316.119.721.523.722.823.223.7
Tlaxcala3.83.75.68.310.311.29.89.710.3
Veracruz15.815.918.921.823.223.423.022.822.5
Yucatán16.916.520.021.624.224.423.823.423.8
Zacatecas6.17.79.211.913.714.313.813.913.9

CSV

Source: NOAA CPC / PSL

Stations used

IdNameStateLatitudeLongitudeAltitude (m)Days with data (Tmax) (%)
MXM00076040Ejido Nuevo Leon (Obs)Baja California32.4−115.211.30.0
MXM00076055San Felipe BcnBaja California31.0−114.815.020.0
MXM00076061Puerto PenascoSonora31.3−113.562.017.0
MXM00076118Nacozari (Smn)Sonora30.4−109.71099.70.0
MXM00076311ChoixSinaloa26.7−108.3237.70.0
MXM00076323Hidalgo Del ParralChihuahua26.9−105.71661.00.0
MXM00076390SaltilloCoahuila25.4−101.01790.073.0
MXM00076402Ciudad ConstitucionBaja California Sur24.9−111.748.067.0
MXM00076405La Paz (City)Baja California Sur24.2−110.318.070.0
MXM00076423DurangoDurango24.1−104.61872.070.0
MXM00076458Colonia Juan CarrasSinaloa23.2−106.44.083.0
MXM00076491Ciudad VictoriaTamaulipas23.7−99.1355.00.0
MXM00076519ColotlanJalisco22.1−103.31673.00.0
MXM00076525Zacatecas Zac. (La BufaZacatecas22.8−102.62612.00.0
MXM00076548TampicoTamaulipas22.2−97.825.073.0
MXM00076573Lagos De MorenoJalisco21.4−101.91942.00.0
MXM00076581Rio VerdeSan Luis Potosí21.9−100.0983.067.0
MXM00076593ProgresoYucatán21.3−89.72.40.0
MXM00076612GuadalajaraJalisco20.7−103.41583.063.0
MXM00076632PachucaHidalgo20.1−98.82435.00.0
MXM00076634TulancingoHidalgo20.1−98.42181.00.0
MXM00076640Tuxpan.Ver.Veracruz20.9−97.428.083.0
MXM00076647ValladolidYucatán20.7−88.227.083.0
MXM00076654ManzanilloColima19.1−104.33.063.0
MXM00076656Ciudad GuzmanJalisco19.7−103.51515.060.0
MXM00076662ZamoraMichoacán20.0−102.31540.083.0
MXM00076665MoreliaMichoacán19.7−101.21913.00.0
MXM00076675Toluca (Obs)Estado de México19.3−99.72725.80.0
MXM00076680Mexico CityCiudad de México19.4−99.22303.00.0
MXM00076683Tlaxcala De Xicontecatl (Dge)Tlaxcala19.3−98.22229.963.0
MXM00076687JalapaVeracruz19.6−96.91389.043.0
MXM00076692Hacienda Ylang Ylang VeracruzVeracruz19.1−96.116.073.0
MXM00076737OrizabaVeracruz18.9−97.11259.067.0
MXM00076741CoatzacoalcosVeracruz18.1−94.422.067.0
MXM00076743VillahermosaTabasco18.0−92.916.00.0
MXM00076762Chilpancingo Ro.Guerrero17.6−99.51265.00.0
MXM00076773Huajuapan De Leon (Dge)Oaxaca17.8−97.81583.70.0
MXM00076775OaxacaOaxaca17.1−96.71518.00.0
MXM00076805AcapulcoGuerrero16.8−99.93.00.0
MXM00076833Salina CruzOaxaca16.2−95.29.80.0
MXM00076840Temosachi (Obs)Chihuahua28.9−107.81931.840.0
MXM00076843Francisco SarabiaChiapas16.8−93.31051.90.0
MXM00076845Sn. Cristobal Las CasasChiapas16.8−92.62116.073.0
MXM00076848ComitanChiapas16.2−92.11646.070.0
MXM00076855Puerto AngelOaxaca15.7−96.546.00.0
MXM00076903TapachulaChiapas14.9−92.2118.00.0

CSV

Source: NOAA NCEI

11 Glossary, methodology and sources

Anomaly: difference between the observed value and its 1991–2020 normal. Percent of normal: observed total divided by the normal, times 100. Station record: most extreme daily value for the same month in all earlier years of record (at least 20 years).

Temperature: CPC_TEMP (0.5° daily grid); mean temperature is (Tmax + Tmin)/2. Precipitation: CPC. National, regional and state averages are weighted by the area of each grid cell inside each polygon. Normals refer to 1991-2020; ranks compare values rounded to one decimal. Stations: GHCN-Daily (NOAA NCEI); values flagged by its quality control are discarded, as are daily values more than 5 robust standard deviations from the station median and variables whose monthly anomaly differs by more than 3 °C from the gridded analysis. Period means require at least 80% of days with data and station normals at least 20 complete years. This report is generated automatically and does not replace official information from the national meteorological service.

SourceProductLicenseCitation
NOAA CPCOfficial ENSO probabilitiesPublic domain (NOAA)—
NOAA CPCONI, Niño-region SST indices (OISST v2.1), NAO and AOPublic domain (NOAA)NOAA Climate Prediction Center climate indices.
NOAA CPC / PSLCPC Global Unified Gauge-Based Analysis of Daily Precipitation, 0.5°Public domain (NOAA)CPC Global Unified Precipitation data provided by NOAA PSL, Boulder, CO, USA.
NOAA CPC / PSLCPC Global Unified Temperature, daily 0.5°Public domain (NOAA)CPC Global Unified Temperature data provided by NOAA PSL, Boulder, CO, USA.
NOAA NCEI / PSLExtended Reconstructed SST v5 (ERSST v5), 2°Public domain (NOAA)Huang et al. (2017), J. Climate, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0836.1
GDACSGlobal Disaster Alert and Coordination System event listSee provider terms—
NOAA NCEIGHCN-DailyPublic domain (NOAA)Menne et al. (2012), J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00103.1
NOAA NCEIIBTrACS v04r01 tropical-cyclone best tracksPublic domain (NOAA)Knapp et al. (2010), Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., doi:10.1175/2009BAMS2755.1
NOAA NCEIPacific Decadal Oscillation index (ERSST v5)Public domain (NOAA)—
NOAA CPCNorth American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) tercile probabilities, 1°Public domain (NOAA)Kirtman et al. (2014), Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00050.1
NOAA PSLReal-time OLR MJO Index (ROMI)Public domain (NOAA)Kiladis et al. (2014), Mon. Wea. Rev., doi:10.1175/MWR-D-13-00301.1
geoBoundariesgeoBoundaries gbOpen (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI))Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)—

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