{ "schema_version": "1.0", "metadata": { "id": "MEX-M-2026-09", "country": "MEX", "country_name": { "es": "México", "en": "Mexico" }, "title": { "es": "Reporte del clima – México – Septiembre 2026", "en": "Climate report – Mexico – September 2026" }, "period": { "type": "M", "key": "2026-09", "start": "2026-09-01", "end": "2026-09-30", "label": { "es": "Septiembre 2026", "en": "September 2026" } }, "issue_date": "2026-10-11", "data_cutoff": "2026-09-30", "status": "preliminary", "version": 3, "baseline": "1991-2020", "languages": [ "es", "en" ], "next_update": "2026-10-25", "authors": [ "ClimaBulletin" ], "license": "CC BY 4.0", "generator": { "name": "weatherreport", "version": "0.1.0", "template_version": 1 } }, "sections": [ { "id": "cover", "number": 0, "title": { "en": "Cover and metadata", "es": "Portada y metadatos" }, "blocks": [ { "id": "title", "sources": [], "type": "text", "text": { "es": "Reporte del clima – México – Septiembre 2026", "en": "Climate report – Mexico – September 2026" } }, { "id": "metadata", "sources": [], "type": "table", "columns": [ { "id": "issue_date", "label": { "es": "Fecha de emisión", "en": "Issue date" }, "dtype": "date" }, { "id": "data_cutoff", "label": { "es": "Datos hasta", "en": "Data until" }, "dtype": "date" }, { "id": "status", "label": { "es": "Estado", "en": "Status" }, "dtype": "category" }, { "id": "baseline", "label": { "es": "Periodo de referencia", "en": "Baseline" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "next_update", "label": { "es": "Próxima actualización", "en": "Next update" }, "dtype": "date" } ], "rows": [ { "issue_date": "2026-10-11", "data_cutoff": "2026-09-30", "status": "preliminary", "baseline": "1991-2020", "next_update": "2026-10-25" } ], "categories": { "preliminary": { "es": "Preliminar", "en": "Preliminary" }, "final": { "es": "Final", "en": "Final" } } } ] }, { "id": "synopsis", "number": 1, "title": { "en": "Key messages and climate synopsis", "es": "Mensajes clave y sinopsis climática" }, "blocks": [ { "id": "key_messages", "sources": [ "cpc_temp", "cpc_precip" ], "type": "narrative", "style": "bullets", "paragraphs": [ { "es": "Temperatura media nacional de 26.6 °C (+2.1 °C respecto a 1991–2020): el 2.º septiembre más cálido de la serie 1979–2026.", "en": "National mean temperature of 26.6 °C (+2.1 °C relative to 1991–2020): the 2nd warmest September in the 1979–2026 series." }, { "es": "Precipitación nacional de 114.6 mm, 80 % de lo normal: el 8.º septiembre más seco de la serie 1979–2026.", "en": "National precipitation of 114.6 mm, 80% of normal: the 8th driest September in the 1979–2026 series." }, { "es": "La temperatura máxima más alta en estaciones GHCN fue de 41.8 °C en Ciudad Constitucion, B.C.S. el 3 de septiembre.", "en": "The highest maximum temperature at GHCN stations was 41.8 °C at Ciudad Constitucion, B.C.S. on 3 September." }, { "es": "La mayor lluvia en 24 h en estaciones GHCN fue de 175.0 mm en Oaxaca, Oax. el 10 de septiembre.", "en": "The largest 24-hour rainfall at GHCN stations was 175.0 mm at Oaxaca, Oax. on 10 September." }, { "es": "Se superaron 18 récords de estación (registro de al menos 20 años).", "en": "18 station records were broken (stations with at least 20 years of data)." }, { "es": "La temperatura máxima superó su percentil 90 en el 64 % de los días (promedio nacional; lo esperado es 10 %).", "en": "Maximum temperature exceeded its 90th percentile on 64% of days (national mean; 10% expected)." }, { "es": "Ondas de calor de alcance nacional: 2; ondas frías: 0.", "en": "Heat waves of national extent: 2; cold waves: 0." }, { "es": "4 ciclones tropicales pasaron a menos de 300 km del país; tocaron tierra: Polo en Baja California Sur (huracán categoría 2).", "en": "4 tropical cyclones passed within 300 km of the country; landfalls: Polo in Baja California Sur (category 2 hurricane)." }, { "es": "El 45 % del país presentó sequía según el SPI-3 (Jul–Sep 2026), sobre todo en Morelos, Tamaulipas y Tabasco.", "en": "45% of the country was in drought by SPI-3 (Jul–Sep 2026), mainly in Morelos, Tamaulipas and Tabasco." }, { "es": "Condiciones de El Niño de intensidad muy fuerte en el Pacífico ecuatorial (ONI JAS 2026: +2.2 °C).", "en": "El Niño conditions of very strong intensity in the equatorial Pacific (ONI JAS 2026: +2.2 °C)." }, { "es": "Cifras preliminares: la precipitación proviene de CPC; se actualizarán con el producto final.", "en": "Preliminary figures: precipitation comes from CPC and will be updated with the final product." } ] }, { "id": "dashboard", "sources": [ "cpc_temp", "cpc_precip" ], "type": "kpi", "items": [ { "id": "tmean_national", "label": { "es": "Temperatura media", "en": "Mean temperature" }, "measure": { "value": 26.6, "unit": "°C", "normal": 24.5, "anomaly": 2.1, "category": { "scale": "temperature_anomaly", "id": "extremely_above", "label": { "en": "Extremely above normal", "es": "En extremo por encima de la norma" } }, "rank": { "position": 2, "out_of": 48, "order": "warmest", "series_start": 1979, "tied_with": [] } } }, { "id": "tmax_national", "label": { "es": "Temperatura máxima", "en": "Maximum temperature" }, "measure": { "value": 33.0, "unit": "°C", "normal": 29.7, "anomaly": 3.3, "category": { "scale": "temperature_anomaly", "id": "extremely_above", "label": { "en": "Extremely above normal", "es": "En extremo por encima de la norma" } }, "rank": { "position": 2, "out_of": 48, "order": "warmest", "series_start": 1979, "tied_with": [] } } }, { "id": "tmin_national", "label": { "es": "Temperatura mínima", "en": "Minimum temperature" }, "measure": { "value": 20.3, "unit": "°C", "normal": 19.4, "anomaly": 0.9, "category": { "scale": "temperature_anomaly", "id": "slightly_above", "label": { "en": "Slightly above normal", "es": "Ligeramente por encima de la norma" } }, "rank": { "position": 3, "out_of": 48, "order": "warmest", "series_start": 1979, "tied_with": [ 2003 ] } } }, { "id": "precip_national", "label": { "es": "Precipitación", "en": "Precipitation" }, "measure": { "value": 114.6, "unit": "mm", "normal": 143.1, "anomaly": -28.5, "percent_of_normal": 80.1, "category": { "scale": "precipitation_percent_of_normal", "id": "near_normal", "label": { "en": "Near normal", "es": "Cercano a lo normal" } }, "rank": { "position": 8, "out_of": 48, "order": "driest", "series_start": 1979, "tied_with": [] } } }, { "id": "records_broken_count", "label": { "es": "Récords de estación", "en": "Station records" }, "measure": { "value": 18.0, "unit": "count" } } ] } ] }, { "id": "drivers", "number": 2, "title": { "en": "Global and regional climate drivers", "es": "Condiciones globales y forzantes climáticos" }, "blocks": [ { "id": "sst_anomaly_map", "title": { "es": "Anomalía de la temperatura superficial del mar, Septiembre 2026 (°C, 1991–2020)", "en": "Sea-surface temperature anomaly, September 2026 (°C, 1991–2020)" }, "sources": [ "ersst" ], "type": "map", "variable": "sst_anomaly", "unit": "°C", "layout": "single", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/sst_anomaly_map.png", "format": "png" } ], "categories": {} }, { "id": "enso_indices", "title": { "es": "Anomalía de temperatura del mar en las regiones Niño (°C)", "en": "Sea-surface temperature anomaly in the Niño regions (°C)" }, "caption": { "es": "Promedio de los meses del periodo (OISST v2.1)", "en": "Mean of the months in the period (OISST v2.1)" }, "sources": [ "cpc_indices" ], "type": "table", "columns": [ { "id": "region", "label": { "es": "Región", "en": "Region" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "anomaly_c", "label": { "es": "Anomalía", "en": "Anomaly" }, "dtype": "number", "unit": "°C" }, { "id": "change_c", "label": { "es": "Cambio respecto al periodo anterior", "en": "Change from preceding period" }, "dtype": "number", "unit": "°C" } ], "rows": [ { "region": "Niño 1+2", "anomaly_c": 4.69, "change_c": 0.61 }, { "region": "Niño 3", "anomaly_c": 3.64, "change_c": 0.51 }, { "region": "Niño 3.4", "anomaly_c": 2.84, "change_c": 0.32 }, { "region": "Niño 4", "anomaly_c": 0.95, "change_c": 0.02 } ], "categories": {} }, { "id": "enso_status", "sources": [ "cpc_indices" ], "type": "note", "text": { "es": "Condiciones de El Niño de intensidad muy fuerte: el Índice Oceánico de El Niño (ONI) de JAS 2026 fue de +2.2 °C.", "en": "El Niño conditions of very strong intensity: the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) for JAS 2026 was +2.2 °C." } }, { "id": "nino34_series", "title": { "es": "Anomalía mensual de Niño 3.4, últimos 24 meses (°C)", "en": "Monthly Niño 3.4 anomaly, last 24 months (°C)" }, "sources": [ "cpc_indices" ], "type": "chart", "chart": "bars", "unit": "°C", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/nino34_series.es.png", "format": "png", "language": "es" }, { "path": "figures/nino34_series.en.png", "format": "png", "language": "en" } ], "data": { "month": [ "2024-10", "2024-11", "2024-12", "2025-01", "2025-02", "2025-03", "2025-04", "2025-05", "2025-06", "2025-07", "2025-08", "2025-09", "2025-10", "2025-11", "2025-12", "2026-01", "2026-02", "2026-03", "2026-04", "2026-05", "2026-06", "2026-07", "2026-08", "2026-09" ], "anomaly": [ -0.28, -0.14, -0.62, -0.71, -0.35, 0.1, -0.16, -0.04, 0.04, -0.06, -0.33, -0.44, -0.48, -0.68, -0.61, -0.54, -0.2, 0.03, 0.47, 0.94, 1.55, 2.03, 2.52, 2.84 ] } }, { "id": "mjo_phase_diagram", "title": { "es": "Diagrama de fases de la MJO (OMI en tiempo real)", "en": "MJO phase diagram (real-time OMI)" }, "sources": [ "psl_romi" ], "type": "chart", "chart": "rmm_phase", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/mjo_phase_diagram.es.png", "format": "png", "language": "es" }, { "path": "figures/mjo_phase_diagram.en.png", "format": "png", "language": "en" } ], "data": { "date": [ "2026-09-01", "2026-09-02", "2026-09-03", "2026-09-04", "2026-09-05", "2026-09-06", "2026-09-07", "2026-09-08", "2026-09-09", "2026-09-10", "2026-09-11", "2026-09-12", "2026-09-13", "2026-09-14", "2026-09-15", "2026-09-16", "2026-09-17", "2026-09-18", "2026-09-19", "2026-09-20", "2026-09-21", "2026-09-22", "2026-09-23", "2026-09-24", "2026-09-25", "2026-09-26", "2026-09-27", "2026-09-28", "2026-09-29", "2026-09-30" ], "rmm1": [ -0.747, -0.69, -0.666, -0.576, -0.378, -0.155, -0.026, 0.061, 0.207, 0.323, 0.45, 0.593, 0.755, 0.774, 0.78, 0.832, 0.91, 0.937, 0.946, 0.908, 0.838, 0.696, 0.568, 0.41, 0.223, 0.049, -0.162, -0.405, -0.582, -0.703 ], "rmm2": [ 0.404, 0.316, 0.192, 0.184, 0.181, 0.201, 0.173, 0.191, 0.108, -0.037, -0.228, -0.318, -0.381, -0.429, -0.494, -0.446, -0.351, -0.237, -0.056, 0.069, 0.059, -0.089, -0.237, -0.335, -0.509, -0.709, -0.892, -0.996, -1.057, -1.031 ], "amplitude": [ 0.849, 0.759, 0.693, 0.605, 0.419, 0.253, 0.175, 0.2, 0.234, 0.325, 0.505, 0.673, 0.845, 0.886, 0.923, 0.943, 0.976, 0.966, 0.948, 0.911, 0.84, 0.702, 0.615, 0.529, 0.556, 0.711, 0.907, 1.075, 1.207, 1.248 ], "phase": [ 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 7, 7, 6, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2 ] } }, { "id": "teleconnections", "title": { "es": "Índices de teleconexión", "en": "Teleconnection indices" }, "caption": { "es": "Oscilación Decadal del Pacífico (PDO); Oscilación del Atlántico Norte (NAO).", "en": "Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO); North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)." }, "sources": [ "cpc_indices", "ncei_pdo" ], "type": "table", "columns": [ { "id": "index", "label": { "es": "Índice", "en": "Index" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "value", "label": { "es": "Valor", "en": "Value" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "phase", "label": { "es": "Fase", "en": "Phase" }, "dtype": "category" } ], "rows": [ { "index": "PDO", "value": -1.55, "phase": "negative" }, { "index": "NAO", "value": 0.53, "phase": "positive" } ], "categories": { "positive": { "es": "Positiva", "en": "Positive" }, "negative": { "es": "Negativa", "en": "Negative" }, "neutral": { "es": "Neutral", "en": "Neutral" } } }, { "id": "drivers_narrative", "sources": [], "type": "narrative", "style": "paragraphs", "paragraphs": [ { "es": "La anomalía de Niño 3.4 fue de +2.84 °C (+0.32 °C respecto al periodo anterior).", "en": "The Niño 3.4 anomaly was +2.84 °C (+0.32 °C relative to the preceding period)." }, { "es": "La MJO estuvo activa en 3 de 30 días, sobre todo en la fase 2 (océano Índico); amplitud media de 0.7.", "en": "The MJO was active on 3 of 30 days, most often in phase 2 (Indian Ocean); mean amplitude 0.7." }, { "es": "Otros índices: PDO −1.55 (fase negativa); NAO +0.53 (fase positiva).", "en": "Other indices: PDO −1.55 (negative phase); NAO +0.53 (positive phase)." } ] } ] }, { "id": "precipitation", "number": 3, "title": { "en": "Precipitation", "es": "Precipitación" }, "blocks": [ { "id": "national_summary", "sources": [ "cpc_precip" ], "type": "kpi", "items": [ { "id": "precip_national", "label": { "es": "Precipitación nacional", "en": "National precipitation" }, "measure": { "value": 114.6, "unit": "mm", "normal": 143.1, "anomaly": -28.5, "percent_of_normal": 80.1, "category": { "scale": "precipitation_percent_of_normal", "id": "near_normal", "label": { "en": "Near normal", "es": "Cercano a lo normal" } }, "rank": { "position": 8, "out_of": 48, "order": "driest", "series_start": 1979, "tied_with": [] } } } ] }, { "id": "precip_total_map", "title": { "es": "Precipitación acumulada", "en": "Accumulated precipitation" }, "sources": [ "cpc_precip" ], "type": "map", "variable": "precipitation", "unit": "mm", "layout": "single", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/precip_total_map.png", "format": "png" } ], "categories": {} }, { "id": "precip_percent_normal_map", "title": { "es": "Porcentaje de la precipitación normal (1991–2020)", "en": "Percent of normal precipitation (1991–2020)" }, "sources": [ "cpc_precip" ], "type": "map", "variable": "precipitation_percent_of_normal", "unit": "%", "layout": "single", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/precip_percent_normal_map.png", "format": "png" } ], "categories": {} }, { "id": "admin1_ranking", "title": { "es": "Porcentaje de lo normal por entidad", "en": "Percent of normal by state" }, "sources": [ "cpc_precip" ], "type": "map", "variable": "precip_pct", "unit": "%", "layout": "choropleth", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/admin1_ranking.es.png", "format": "png", "language": "es" }, { "path": "figures/admin1_ranking.en.png", "format": "png", "language": "en" }, { "path": "data/admin1.geojson", "format": "geojson" } ], "property": "precip_cat", "scale": "precipitation_percent_of_normal", "categories": { "much_below": { "en": "Much below normal", "es": "Mucho menos de lo normal" }, "below": { "en": "Below normal", "es": "Menos de lo normal" }, "near_normal": { "en": "Near normal", "es": "Cercano a lo normal" }, "above": { "en": "Above normal", "es": "Más de lo normal" }, "much_above": { "en": "Much above normal", "es": "Mucho más de lo normal" } } }, { "id": "regional_table", "title": { "es": "Precipitación por región", "en": "Precipitation by region" }, "sources": [ "cpc_precip" ], "type": "table", "columns": [ { "id": "region", "label": { "es": "Región", "en": "Region" }, "dtype": "category" }, { "id": "total_mm", "label": { "es": "Acumulado", "en": "Total" }, "dtype": "number", "unit": "mm" }, { "id": "normal_mm", "label": { "es": "Normal", "en": "Normal" }, "dtype": "number", "unit": "mm" }, { "id": "percent_difference", "label": { "es": "Diferencia", "en": "Difference" }, "dtype": "number", "unit": "%" }, { "id": "category", "label": { "es": "Categoría", "en": "Category" }, "dtype": "category" } ], "rows": [ { "region": "noroeste", "total_mm": 122.1, "normal_mm": 65.1, "percent_difference": 87.6, "category": "much_above" }, { "region": "norte", "total_mm": 86.4, "normal_mm": 77.9, "percent_difference": 10.8, "category": "near_normal" }, { "region": "noreste", "total_mm": 40.9, "normal_mm": 157.2, "percent_difference": -74.0, "category": "much_below" }, { "region": "centro_norte", "total_mm": 72.9, "normal_mm": 108.1, "percent_difference": -32.5, "category": "below" }, { "region": "centro_occidente", "total_mm": 127.2, "normal_mm": 169.8, "percent_difference": -25.1, "category": "below" }, { "region": "centro", "total_mm": 110.0, "normal_mm": 184.3, "percent_difference": -40.3, "category": "below" }, { "region": "sur", "total_mm": 176.2, "normal_mm": 278.7, "percent_difference": -36.8, "category": "below" }, { "region": "oriente", "total_mm": 166.3, "normal_mm": 315.3, "percent_difference": -47.3, "category": "below" }, { "region": "peninsula_yucatan", "total_mm": 164.7, "normal_mm": 210.2, "percent_difference": -21.6, "category": "below" } ], "categories": { "much_below": { "en": "Much below normal", "es": "Mucho menos de lo normal" }, "below": { "en": "Below normal", "es": "Menos de lo normal" }, "near_normal": { "en": "Near normal", "es": "Cercano a lo normal" }, "above": { "en": "Above normal", "es": "Más de lo normal" }, "much_above": { "en": "Much above normal", "es": "Mucho más de lo normal" }, "noroeste": { "es": "Noroeste", "en": "Northwest" }, "norte": { "es": "Norte", "en": "North" }, "noreste": { "es": "Noreste", "en": "Northeast" }, "centro_norte": { "es": "Centro-norte", "en": "North-central" }, "centro_occidente": { "es": "Centro-occidente", "en": "West-central" }, "centro": { "es": "Centro", "en": "Central" }, "sur": { "es": "Sur", "en": "South" }, "oriente": { "es": "Oriente", "en": "East" }, "peninsula_yucatan": { "es": "Península de Yucatán", "en": "Yucatán Peninsula" } } }, { "id": "top_excess_stations", "title": { "es": "Estaciones con mayor exceso de precipitación", "en": "Stations with the largest precipitation excess" }, "sources": [ "ghcn" ], "type": "table", "columns": [ { "id": "region", "label": { "es": "Región", "en": "Region" }, "dtype": "category" }, { "id": "admin1", "label": { "es": "Entidad", "en": "State" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "station", "label": { "es": "Estación", "en": "Station" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "altitude_m", "label": { "es": "Altitud", "en": "Altitude" }, "dtype": "number", "unit": "m" }, { "id": "anomaly_pct", "label": { "es": "Anomalía", "en": "Anomaly" }, "dtype": "number", "unit": "%" } ], "rows": [ { "region": "noroeste", "admin1": "Baja California Sur", "station": "La Paz (City)", "altitude_m": 18, "anomaly_pct": 488.2 }, { "region": "norte", "admin1": "Coahuila", "station": "Saltillo", "altitude_m": 1790, "anomaly_pct": 376.1 }, { "region": "noroeste", "admin1": "Baja California Sur", "station": "Ciudad Constitucion", "altitude_m": 48, "anomaly_pct": 299.2 }, { "region": "norte", "admin1": "Chihuahua", "station": "Hidalgo Del Parral", "altitude_m": 1661, "anomaly_pct": 127.0 }, { "region": "oriente", "admin1": "Veracruz", "station": "Jalapa", "altitude_m": 1389, "anomaly_pct": 109.5 }, { "region": "noreste", "admin1": "Tamaulipas", "station": "Ciudad Victoria", "altitude_m": 355, "anomaly_pct": 93.3 }, { "region": "sur", "admin1": "Chiapas", "station": "Comitan", "altitude_m": 1646, "anomaly_pct": 75.8 }, { "region": "centro_norte", "admin1": "San Luis Potosí", "station": "Rio Verde", "altitude_m": 983, "anomaly_pct": 51.7 }, { "region": "centro", "admin1": "Estado de México", "station": "Toluca (Obs)", "altitude_m": 2726, "anomaly_pct": 37.9 }, { "region": "centro", "admin1": "Tlaxcala", "station": "Tlaxcala De Xicontecatl (Dge)", "altitude_m": 2230, "anomaly_pct": 24.5 } ], "categories": { "noroeste": { "es": "Noroeste", "en": "Northwest" }, "norte": { "es": "Norte", "en": "North" }, "noreste": { "es": "Noreste", "en": "Northeast" }, "centro_norte": { "es": "Centro-norte", "en": "North-central" }, "centro_occidente": { "es": "Centro-occidente", "en": "West-central" }, "centro": { "es": "Centro", "en": "Central" }, "sur": { "es": "Sur", "en": "South" }, "oriente": { "es": "Oriente", "en": "East" }, "peninsula_yucatan": { "es": "Península de Yucatán", "en": "Yucatán Peninsula" } } }, { "id": "top_deficit_stations", "title": { "es": "Estaciones con mayor déficit de precipitación", "en": "Stations with the largest precipitation deficit" }, "sources": [ "ghcn" ], "type": "table", "columns": [ { "id": "region", "label": { "es": "Región", "en": "Region" }, "dtype": "category" }, { "id": "admin1", "label": { "es": "Entidad", "en": "State" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "station", "label": { "es": "Estación", "en": "Station" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "altitude_m", "label": { "es": "Altitud", "en": "Altitude" }, "dtype": "number", "unit": "m" }, { "id": "anomaly_pct", "label": { "es": "Anomalía", "en": "Anomaly" }, "dtype": "number", "unit": "%" } ], "rows": [ { "region": "noroeste", "admin1": "Baja California", "station": "Ejido Nuevo Leon (Obs)", "altitude_m": 11, "anomaly_pct": -90.0 }, { "region": "peninsula_yucatan", "admin1": "Yucatán", "station": "Progreso", "altitude_m": 2, "anomaly_pct": -72.4 }, { "region": "sur", "admin1": "Chiapas", "station": "Tapachula", "altitude_m": 118, "anomaly_pct": -58.3 }, { "region": "oriente", "admin1": "Veracruz", "station": "Hacienda Ylang Ylang Veracruz", "altitude_m": 16, "anomaly_pct": -17.8 } ], "categories": { "noroeste": { "es": "Noroeste", "en": "Northwest" }, "norte": { "es": "Norte", "en": "North" }, "noreste": { "es": "Noreste", "en": "Northeast" }, "centro_norte": { "es": "Centro-norte", "en": "North-central" }, "centro_occidente": { "es": "Centro-occidente", "en": "West-central" }, "centro": { "es": "Centro", "en": "Central" }, "sur": { "es": "Sur", "en": "South" }, "oriente": { "es": "Oriente", "en": "East" }, "peninsula_yucatan": { "es": "Península de Yucatán", "en": "Yucatán Peninsula" } } }, { "id": "max_24h_stations", "title": { "es": "Mayores lluvias en 24 horas en estaciones", "en": "Largest 24-hour rainfall at stations" }, "sources": [ "ghcn" ], "type": "table", "columns": [ { "id": "station", "label": { "es": "Estación", "en": "Station" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "admin1", "label": { "es": "Entidad", "en": "State" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "value_mm", "label": { "es": "Lluvia máxima en 24 h", "en": "Max 24 h rainfall" }, "dtype": "number", "unit": "mm" }, { "id": "date", "label": { "es": "Fecha", "en": "Date" }, "dtype": "date" } ], "rows": [ { "station": "Oaxaca", "admin1": "Oaxaca", "value_mm": 175.0, "date": "2026-09-10" }, { "station": "Tulancingo", "admin1": "Hidalgo", "value_mm": 141.0, "date": "2026-09-30" }, { "station": "Manzanillo", "admin1": "Colima", "value_mm": 138.5, "date": "2026-09-30" }, { "station": "Valladolid", "admin1": "Yucatán", "value_mm": 100.7, "date": "2026-09-08" }, { "station": "Orizaba", "admin1": "Veracruz", "value_mm": 99.9, "date": "2026-09-06" }, { "station": "Tuxpan.Ver.", "admin1": "Veracruz", "value_mm": 96.0, "date": "2026-09-30" }, { "station": "La Paz (City)", "admin1": "Baja California Sur", "value_mm": 94.6, "date": "2026-09-16" }, { "station": "Jalapa", "admin1": "Veracruz", "value_mm": 87.4, "date": "2026-09-09" }, { "station": "Comitan", "admin1": "Chiapas", "value_mm": 77.3, "date": "2026-09-05" }, { "station": "Toluca (Obs)", "admin1": "Estado de México", "value_mm": 70.3, "date": "2026-09-10" } ], "categories": {} }, { "id": "daily_national_series", "title": { "es": "Precipitación diaria promedio nacional", "en": "Daily national mean precipitation" }, "sources": [ "cpc_precip" ], "type": "chart", "chart": "bars", "unit": "mm", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/daily_national_series.es.png", "format": "png", "language": "es" }, { "path": "figures/daily_national_series.en.png", "format": "png", "language": "en" } ] }, { "id": "daily_max_table", "title": { "es": "Lámina diaria nacional y máximo diario en la malla", "en": "Daily national mean and grid-cell maximum" }, "sources": [ "cpc_precip" ], "type": "table", "columns": [ { "id": "day", "label": { "es": "Día", "en": "Day" }, "dtype": "date" }, { "id": "national_mm", "label": { "es": "Promedio nacional", "en": "National mean" }, "dtype": "number", "unit": "mm" }, { "id": "max_mm", "label": { "es": "Máximo en la malla", "en": "Grid maximum" }, "dtype": "number", "unit": "mm" }, { "id": "admin1", "label": { "es": "Entidad", "en": "State" }, "dtype": "string" } ], "rows": [ { "day": "2026-09-01", "national_mm": 3.0, "max_mm": 30.5, "admin1": "Michoacán" }, { "day": "2026-09-02", "national_mm": 4.9, "max_mm": 93.1, "admin1": "Baja California Sur" }, { "day": "2026-09-03", "national_mm": 3.3, "max_mm": 49.6, "admin1": "—" }, { "day": "2026-09-04", "national_mm": 3.0, "max_mm": 40.1, "admin1": "Oaxaca" }, { "day": "2026-09-05", "national_mm": 3.2, "max_mm": 36.5, "admin1": "Guerrero" }, { "day": "2026-09-06", "national_mm": 4.3, "max_mm": 42.3, "admin1": "Sonora" }, { "day": "2026-09-07", "national_mm": 4.6, "max_mm": 66.6, "admin1": "Baja California Sur" }, { "day": "2026-09-08", "national_mm": 4.8, "max_mm": 54.2, "admin1": "Baja California Sur" }, { "day": "2026-09-09", "national_mm": 5.0, "max_mm": 51.6, "admin1": "Veracruz" }, { "day": "2026-09-10", "national_mm": 4.9, "max_mm": 79.2, "admin1": "Oaxaca" }, { "day": "2026-09-11", "national_mm": 2.6, "max_mm": 46.0, "admin1": "Sinaloa" }, { "day": "2026-09-12", "national_mm": 1.7, "max_mm": 42.1, "admin1": "Baja California Sur" }, { "day": "2026-09-13", "national_mm": 2.2, "max_mm": 26.6, "admin1": "Michoacán" }, { "day": "2026-09-14", "national_mm": 3.6, "max_mm": 47.4, "admin1": "Guerrero" }, { "day": "2026-09-15", "national_mm": 3.5, "max_mm": 47.7, "admin1": "—" }, { "day": "2026-09-16", "national_mm": 4.7, "max_mm": 146.7, "admin1": "Chihuahua" }, { "day": "2026-09-17", "national_mm": 1.8, "max_mm": 46.3, "admin1": "Veracruz" }, { "day": "2026-09-18", "national_mm": 3.0, "max_mm": 59.6, "admin1": "Campeche" }, { "day": "2026-09-19", "national_mm": 3.0, "max_mm": 34.0, "admin1": "Chiapas" }, { "day": "2026-09-20", "national_mm": 3.2, "max_mm": 65.8, "admin1": "Quintana Roo" }, { "day": "2026-09-21", "national_mm": 2.2, "max_mm": 49.9, "admin1": "Jalisco" }, { "day": "2026-09-22", "national_mm": 2.7, "max_mm": 54.6, "admin1": "Chihuahua" }, { "day": "2026-09-23", "national_mm": 5.3, "max_mm": 70.1, "admin1": "Chihuahua" }, { "day": "2026-09-24", "national_mm": 6.8, "max_mm": 66.5, "admin1": "Oaxaca" }, { "day": "2026-09-25", "national_mm": 3.5, "max_mm": 42.4, "admin1": "Veracruz" }, { "day": "2026-09-26", "national_mm": 3.9, "max_mm": 93.6, "admin1": "Tamaulipas" }, { "day": "2026-09-27", "national_mm": 5.1, "max_mm": 143.8, "admin1": "Nayarit" }, { "day": "2026-09-28", "national_mm": 3.3, "max_mm": 46.9, "admin1": "Chiapas" }, { "day": "2026-09-29", "national_mm": 5.4, "max_mm": 97.6, "admin1": "Baja California Sur" }, { "day": "2026-09-30", "national_mm": 6.3, "max_mm": 92.6, "admin1": "Sonora" } ], "categories": {} }, { "id": "historical_series", "title": { "es": "Precipitación nacional en septiembre de cada año", "en": "National precipitation in September of each year" }, "sources": [ "cpc_precip" ], "type": "chart", "chart": "bars_with_climatology_line", "unit": "mm", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/historical_series.es.png", "format": "png", "language": "es" }, { "path": "figures/historical_series.en.png", "format": "png", "language": "en" } ], "data": { "year": [ 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026 ], "value": [ 154.2, 159.9, 147.1, 116.0, 149.0, 165.3, 102.4, 115.8, 123.6, 136.8, 129.2, 161.1, 159.8, 133.7, 190.2, 82.4, 119.5, 97.3, 115.8, 170.1, 126.3, 102.4, 129.9, 180.5, 187.1, 153.8, 100.5, 147.2, 131.0, 173.8, 139.9, 181.9, 102.5, 119.6, 211.2, 191.4, 129.2, 132.1, 164.2, 158.4, 133.2, 127.8, 132.4, 160.9, 68.7, 139.3, 150.1, 114.6 ], "normal": [ 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1, 143.1 ] } }, { "id": "precipitation_narrative", "sources": [ "cpc_precip" ], "type": "narrative", "style": "paragraphs", "paragraphs": [ { "es": "La precipitación acumulada a nivel nacional fue de 114.6 mm, el 80 % de su promedio 1991–2020 (143.1 mm), categoría «cercano a lo normal». Fue el 8.º septiembre más seco de la serie 1979–2026.", "en": "National accumulated precipitation was 114.6 mm, 80% of the 1991–2020 average (143.1 mm), category “Near normal”. It was the 8th driest September in the 1979–2026 series." }, { "es": "La región con mayor porcentaje respecto a su normal fue Noroeste (188 %) y la de menor porcentaje, Noreste (26 %).", "en": "The region with the highest percentage of normal was Northwest (188%) and the lowest was Northeast (26%)." }, { "es": "El mayor acumulado diario en la malla se estimó el 16 de septiembre en Chihuahua (146.7 mm).", "en": "The largest daily grid-cell total was estimated on 16 September in Chihuahua (146.7 mm)." } ] } ] }, { "id": "temperature", "number": 4, "title": { "en": "Temperature", "es": "Temperatura" }, "blocks": [ { "id": "tmean.national_summary", "sources": [ "cpc_temp" ], "type": "kpi", "items": [ { "id": "tmean_national", "label": { "es": "Temperatura media", "en": "Mean temperature" }, "measure": { "value": 26.6, "unit": "°C", "normal": 24.5, "anomaly": 2.1, "category": { "scale": "temperature_anomaly", "id": "extremely_above", "label": { "en": "Extremely above normal", "es": "En extremo por encima de la norma" } }, "rank": { "position": 2, "out_of": 48, "order": "warmest", "series_start": 1979, "tied_with": [] } } } ] }, { "id": "tmean.value_map", "title": { "es": "Temperatura media", "en": "Mean temperature" }, "sources": [ "cpc_temp" ], "type": "map", "variable": "tmean", "unit": "°C", "layout": "single", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/tmean-value_map.png", "format": "png" } ], "categories": {} }, { "id": "tmean.anomaly_map", "title": { "es": "Anomalía de temperatura media (1991–2020)", "en": "Mean temperature anomaly (1991–2020)" }, "sources": [ "cpc_temp" ], "type": "map", "variable": "tmean_anomaly", "unit": "°C", "layout": "single", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/tmean-anomaly_map.png", "format": "png" } ], "categories": {} }, { "id": "tmean.admin1_classification", "title": { "es": "Anomalía de temperatura media por entidad", "en": "Mean temperature anomaly by state" }, "sources": [ "cpc_temp" ], "type": "map", "variable": "tmean_anom", "unit": "°C", "layout": "choropleth", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/tmean-admin1_classification.es.png", "format": "png", "language": "es" }, { "path": "figures/tmean-admin1_classification.en.png", "format": "png", "language": "en" }, { "path": "data/admin1.geojson", "format": "geojson" } ], "property": "tmean_cat", "scale": "temperature_anomaly", "categories": { "extremely_above": { "en": "Extremely above normal", "es": "En extremo por encima de la norma" }, "well_above": { "en": "Well above normal", "es": "Muy por encima de la norma" }, "above": { "en": "Above normal", "es": "Por encima de la norma" }, "slightly_above": { "en": "Slightly above normal", "es": "Ligeramente por encima de la norma" }, "normal": { "en": "Normal", "es": "Normal" }, "slightly_below": { "en": "Slightly below normal", "es": "Ligeramente por debajo de la norma" }, "below": { "en": "Below normal", "es": "Por debajo de la norma" }, "well_below": { "en": "Well below normal", "es": "Muy por debajo de la norma" }, "extremely_below": { "en": "Extremely below normal", "es": "En extremo por debajo de la norma" } } }, { "id": "tmean.top_positive_anomalies", "title": { "es": "Estaciones con mayor anomalía positiva", "en": "Stations with the largest positive anomaly" }, "sources": [ "ghcn" ], "type": "table", "columns": [ { "id": "region", "label": { "es": "Región", "en": "Region" }, "dtype": "category" }, { "id": "admin1", "label": { "es": "Entidad", "en": "State" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "station", "label": { "es": "Estación", "en": "Station" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "altitude_m", "label": { "es": "Altitud", "en": "Altitude" }, "dtype": "number", "unit": "m" }, { "id": "anomaly_c", "label": { "es": "Anomalía", "en": "Anomaly" }, "dtype": "number", "unit": "°C" } ], "rows": [ { "region": "noroeste", "admin1": "Sinaloa", "station": "Colonia Juan Carras", "altitude_m": 4, "anomaly_c": 0.6 } ], "categories": { "noroeste": { "es": "Noroeste", "en": "Northwest" }, "norte": { "es": "Norte", "en": "North" }, "noreste": { "es": "Noreste", "en": "Northeast" }, "centro_norte": { "es": "Centro-norte", "en": "North-central" }, "centro_occidente": { "es": "Centro-occidente", "en": "West-central" }, "centro": { "es": "Centro", "en": "Central" }, "sur": { "es": "Sur", "en": "South" }, "oriente": { "es": "Oriente", "en": "East" }, "peninsula_yucatan": { "es": "Península de Yucatán", "en": "Yucatán Peninsula" } } }, { "id": "tmean.historical_anomaly_series", "title": { "es": "Anomalía de la temperatura media nacional en septiembre de cada año", "en": "National mean temperature anomaly in September of each year" }, "sources": [ "cpc_temp" ], "type": "chart", "chart": "bars_red_blue", "unit": "°C", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/tmean-historical_anomaly_series.es.png", "format": "png", "language": "es" }, { "path": "figures/tmean-historical_anomaly_series.en.png", "format": "png", "language": "en" } ], "data": { "year": [ 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026 ], "anomaly": [ -1.62, -0.23, -0.63, -0.13, -0.22, -1.34, -1.21, -0.71, -0.32, -0.98, -0.95, -0.96, -1.42, -0.31, -0.91, -0.28, 0.36, -0.14, 0.65, 0.31, -0.13, 0.13, -0.06, -0.22, -0.05, -0.53, 0.74, -0.48, -0.2, -0.94, -0.23, 0.19, 0.58, -0.06, -0.4, -0.31, 0.64, 0.17, 0.09, 0.23, 0.66, 0.28, 0.57, -0.12, 2.41, 1.23, 0.96, 2.08 ] } }, { "id": "tmean.temperature_narrative", "sources": [ "cpc_temp" ], "type": "narrative", "style": "paragraphs", "paragraphs": [ { "es": "La temperatura media nacional fue de 26.6 °C, 2.1 °C por encima del promedio 1991–2020 (24.5 °C), categoría «en extremo por encima de la norma». Fue el 2.º septiembre más cálido de la serie 1979–2026.", "en": "The national mean temperature was 26.6 °C, 2.1 °C above the 1991–2020 average (24.5 °C), category “Extremely above normal”. It was the 2nd warmest September in the 1979–2026 series." }, { "es": "Por regiones, la mayor anomalía se registró en Noreste (+3.7 °C) y la menor en Noroeste (+1.2 °C).", "en": "By region, the largest anomaly was in Northeast (+3.7 °C) and the smallest in Northwest (+1.2 °C)." } ] }, { "id": "tmax.national_summary", "sources": [ "cpc_temp" ], "type": "kpi", "items": [ { "id": "tmax_national", "label": { "es": "Temperatura máxima", "en": "Maximum temperature" }, "measure": { "value": 33.0, "unit": "°C", "normal": 29.7, "anomaly": 3.3, "category": { "scale": "temperature_anomaly", "id": "extremely_above", "label": { "en": "Extremely above normal", "es": "En extremo por encima de la norma" } }, "rank": { "position": 2, "out_of": 48, "order": "warmest", "series_start": 1979, "tied_with": [] } } } ] }, { "id": "tmax.anomaly_map", "title": { "es": "Anomalía de temperatura máxima (1991–2020)", "en": "Maximum temperature anomaly (1991–2020)" }, "sources": [ "cpc_temp" ], "type": "map", "variable": "tmax_anomaly", "unit": "°C", "layout": "single", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/tmax-anomaly_map.png", "format": "png" } ], "categories": {} }, { "id": "tmax.daily_march", "title": { "es": "Marcha diaria de la temperatura máxima nacional", "en": "Daily national maximum temperature" }, "sources": [ "cpc_temp" ], "type": "chart", "chart": "lines_with_normal", "unit": "°C", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/tmax-daily_march.es.png", "format": "png", "language": "es" }, { "path": "figures/tmax-daily_march.en.png", "format": "png", "language": "en" } ] }, { "id": "tmax.temperature_narrative", "sources": [ "cpc_temp" ], "type": "narrative", "style": "paragraphs", "paragraphs": [ { "es": "La temperatura máxima nacional fue de 33.0 °C, 3.3 °C por encima del promedio 1991–2020 (29.7 °C), categoría «en extremo por encima de la norma». Fue el 2.º septiembre más cálido de la serie 1979–2026.", "en": "The national maximum temperature was 33.0 °C, 3.3 °C above the 1991–2020 average (29.7 °C), category “Extremely above normal”. It was the 2nd warmest September in the 1979–2026 series." }, { "es": "Por regiones, la mayor anomalía se registró en Noreste (+5.5 °C) y la menor en Noroeste (+1.3 °C).", "en": "By region, the largest anomaly was in Northeast (+5.5 °C) and the smallest in Northwest (+1.3 °C)." } ] }, { "id": "tmin.national_summary", "sources": [ "cpc_temp" ], "type": "kpi", "items": [ { "id": "tmin_national", "label": { "es": "Temperatura mínima", "en": "Minimum temperature" }, "measure": { "value": 20.3, "unit": "°C", "normal": 19.4, "anomaly": 0.9, "category": { "scale": "temperature_anomaly", "id": "slightly_above", "label": { "en": "Slightly above normal", "es": "Ligeramente por encima de la norma" } }, "rank": { "position": 3, "out_of": 48, "order": "warmest", "series_start": 1979, "tied_with": [ 2003 ] } } } ] }, { "id": "tmin.anomaly_map", "title": { "es": "Anomalía de temperatura mínima (1991–2020)", "en": "Minimum temperature anomaly (1991–2020)" }, "sources": [ "cpc_temp" ], "type": "map", "variable": "tmin_anomaly", "unit": "°C", "layout": "single", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/tmin-anomaly_map.png", "format": "png" } ], "categories": {} }, { "id": "tmin.sector_min_max_table", "title": { "es": "Valores extremos de la temperatura mínima media mensual por región", "en": "Lowest and highest monthly mean minimum temperature by region" }, "caption": { "es": "Promedio mensual por estación (GHCN-Daily, ≥ 80 % de días con datos).", "en": "Station monthly means (GHCN-Daily, ≥ 80% of days with data)." }, "sources": [ "ghcn" ], "type": "table", "columns": [ { "id": "sector", "label": { "es": "Región", "en": "Region" }, "dtype": "category" }, { "id": "min_value", "label": { "es": "Valor mínimo", "en": "Lowest value" }, "dtype": "number", "unit": "°C" }, { "id": "min_station", "label": { "es": "Estación", "en": "Station" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "max_value", "label": { "es": "Valor máximo", "en": "Highest value" }, "dtype": "number", "unit": "°C" }, { "id": "max_station", "label": { "es": "Estación", "en": "Station" }, "dtype": "string" } ], "rows": [ { "sector": "peninsula_yucatan", "min_value": 24.5, "min_station": "Valladolid, Yuc.", "max_value": 25.4, "max_station": "Progreso, Yuc." } ], "categories": { "noroeste": { "es": "Noroeste", "en": "Northwest" }, "norte": { "es": "Norte", "en": "North" }, "noreste": { "es": "Noreste", "en": "Northeast" }, "centro_norte": { "es": "Centro-norte", "en": "North-central" }, "centro_occidente": { "es": "Centro-occidente", "en": "West-central" }, "centro": { "es": "Centro", "en": "Central" }, "sur": { "es": "Sur", "en": "South" }, "oriente": { "es": "Oriente", "en": "East" }, "peninsula_yucatan": { "es": "Península de Yucatán", "en": "Yucatán Peninsula" } } }, { "id": "tmin.daily_march", "title": { "es": "Marcha diaria de la temperatura mínima nacional", "en": "Daily national minimum temperature" }, "sources": [ "cpc_temp" ], "type": "chart", "chart": "lines_with_normal", "unit": "°C", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/tmin-daily_march.es.png", "format": "png", "language": "es" }, { "path": "figures/tmin-daily_march.en.png", "format": "png", "language": "en" } ] }, { "id": "tmin.temperature_narrative", "sources": [ "cpc_temp" ], "type": "narrative", "style": "paragraphs", "paragraphs": [ { "es": "La temperatura mínima nacional fue de 20.3 °C, 0.9 °C por encima del promedio 1991–2020 (19.4 °C), categoría «ligeramente por encima de la norma». Fue el 3.º septiembre más cálido de la serie 1979–2026 (empatado con 2003).", "en": "The national minimum temperature was 20.3 °C, 0.9 °C above the 1991–2020 average (19.4 °C), category “Slightly above normal”. It was the 3rd warmest September in the 1979–2026 series (tied with 2003)." }, { "es": "Por regiones, la mayor anomalía se registró en Noreste (+2.0 °C) y la menor en Centro (−0.2 °C).", "en": "By region, the largest anomaly was in Northeast (+2.0 °C) and the smallest in Central (−0.2 °C)." } ] } ] }, { "id": "extremes", "number": 5, "title": { "en": "Climate extremes and records", "es": "Extremos climáticos y récords" }, "blocks": [ { "id": "highlights", "sources": [ "ghcn" ], "type": "kpi", "items": [ { "id": "highest_tmax", "label": { "es": "Temperatura máxima más alta", "en": "Highest maximum temperature" }, "measure": { "value": 41.8, "unit": "°C", "station": "Ciudad Constitucion, B.C.S.", "observed_on": "2026-09-03" } }, { "id": "lowest_tmin", "label": { "es": "Temperatura mínima más baja", "en": "Lowest minimum temperature" }, "measure": { "value": 11.2, "unit": "°C", "station": "Jalapa, Ver.", "observed_on": "2026-09-17" } }, { "id": "max_24h_precip", "label": { "es": "Máxima lluvia en 24 h", "en": "Highest 24 h rainfall" }, "measure": { "value": 175.0, "unit": "mm", "station": "Oaxaca, Oax.", "observed_on": "2026-09-10" } } ] }, { "id": "admin1_tmax_extremes", "title": { "es": "Temperatura máxima más alta por entidad", "en": "Highest maximum temperature by state" }, "sources": [ "ghcn" ], "type": "table", "columns": [ { "id": "admin1", "label": { "es": "Entidad", "en": "State" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "station", "label": { "es": "Estación", "en": "Station" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "tmax_c", "label": { "es": "Temperatura", "en": "Temperature" }, "dtype": "number", "unit": "°C" }, { "id": "date", "label": { "es": "Fecha", "en": "Date" }, "dtype": "date" } ], "rows": [ { "admin1": "Baja California", "station": "San Felipe Bcn", "tmax_c": 37.7, "date": "2026-09-27" }, { "admin1": "Baja California Sur", "station": "Ciudad Constitucion", "tmax_c": 41.8, "date": "2026-09-03" }, { "admin1": "Chiapas", "station": "Comitan", "tmax_c": 33.9, "date": "2026-09-14" }, { "admin1": "Chihuahua", "station": "Temosachi (Obs)", "tmax_c": 36.0, "date": "2026-09-06" }, { "admin1": "Coahuila", "station": "Saltillo", "tmax_c": 39.8, "date": "2026-09-14" }, { "admin1": "Colima", "station": "Manzanillo", "tmax_c": 36.6, "date": "2026-09-23" }, { "admin1": "Durango", "station": "Durango", "tmax_c": 39.0, "date": "2026-09-04" }, { "admin1": "Jalisco", "station": "Ciudad Guzman", "tmax_c": 38.1, "date": "2026-09-04" }, { "admin1": "Michoacán", "station": "Zamora", "tmax_c": 37.9, "date": "2026-09-09" }, { "admin1": "San Luis Potosí", "station": "Rio Verde", "tmax_c": 39.5, "date": "2026-09-21" }, { "admin1": "Sinaloa", "station": "Colonia Juan Carras", "tmax_c": 38.4, "date": "2026-09-05" }, { "admin1": "Sonora", "station": "Puerto Penasco", "tmax_c": 35.0, "date": "2026-09-23" }, { "admin1": "Tamaulipas", "station": "Tampico", "tmax_c": 39.0, "date": "2026-09-02" }, { "admin1": "Tlaxcala", "station": "Tlaxcala De Xicontecatl (Dge)", "tmax_c": 34.8, "date": "2026-09-30" }, { "admin1": "Veracruz", "station": "Tuxpan.Ver.", "tmax_c": 38.4, "date": "2026-09-18" }, { "admin1": "Yucatán", "station": "Valladolid", "tmax_c": 37.6, "date": "2026-09-03" } ], "categories": {} }, { "id": "admin1_tmin_extremes", "title": { "es": "Temperatura mínima más baja por entidad", "en": "Lowest minimum temperature by state" }, "sources": [ "ghcn" ], "type": "table", "columns": [ { "id": "admin1", "label": { "es": "Entidad", "en": "State" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "station", "label": { "es": "Estación", "en": "Station" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "tmin_c", "label": { "es": "Temperatura", "en": "Temperature" }, "dtype": "number", "unit": "°C" }, { "id": "date", "label": { "es": "Fecha", "en": "Date" }, "dtype": "date" } ], "rows": [ { "admin1": "Baja California", "station": "San Felipe Bcn", "tmin_c": 22.1, "date": "2026-09-30" }, { "admin1": "Baja California Sur", "station": "La Paz (City)", "tmin_c": 17.7, "date": "2026-09-27" }, { "admin1": "Chiapas", "station": "Comitan", "tmin_c": 11.4, "date": "2026-09-22" }, { "admin1": "Chihuahua", "station": "Temosachi (Obs)", "tmin_c": 16.0, "date": "2026-09-03" }, { "admin1": "Colima", "station": "Manzanillo", "tmin_c": 19.2, "date": "2026-09-22" }, { "admin1": "Guerrero", "station": "Chilpancingo Ro.", "tmin_c": 12.0, "date": "2026-09-02" }, { "admin1": "Jalisco", "station": "Ciudad Guzman", "tmin_c": 15.4, "date": "2026-09-02" }, { "admin1": "Michoacán", "station": "Zamora", "tmin_c": 12.1, "date": "2026-09-02" }, { "admin1": "Oaxaca", "station": "Oaxaca", "tmin_c": 12.6, "date": "2026-09-28" }, { "admin1": "Sinaloa", "station": "Choix", "tmin_c": 14.0, "date": "2026-09-23" }, { "admin1": "Sonora", "station": "Puerto Penasco", "tmin_c": 24.6, "date": "2026-09-22" }, { "admin1": "Tamaulipas", "station": "Tampico", "tmin_c": 15.8, "date": "2026-09-17" }, { "admin1": "Veracruz", "station": "Jalapa", "tmin_c": 11.2, "date": "2026-09-17" }, { "admin1": "Yucatán", "station": "Valladolid", "tmin_c": 22.1, "date": "2026-09-20" } ], "categories": {} }, { "id": "records_broken", "title": { "es": "Récords de estación superados", "en": "Station records broken" }, "caption": { "es": "Valor diario más extremo del periodo frente al mismo periodo de todos los años previos del registro (al menos 20 años; para las semanas, el mismo mes).", "en": "Most extreme daily value of the period against the same period in all earlier years of record (at least 20 years; for weeks, the same calendar month)." }, "sources": [ "ghcn" ], "type": "table", "columns": [ { "id": "station", "label": { "es": "Estación", "en": "Station" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "admin1", "label": { "es": "Entidad", "en": "State" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "variable", "label": { "es": "Variable", "en": "Variable" }, "dtype": "category" }, { "id": "new_value", "label": { "es": "Nuevo valor", "en": "New value" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "date", "label": { "es": "Fecha", "en": "Date" }, "dtype": "date" }, { "id": "previous_value", "label": { "es": "Récord anterior", "en": "Previous record" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "previous_date", "label": { "es": "Fecha anterior", "en": "Previous date" }, "dtype": "date" } ], "rows": [ { "station": "Saltillo", "admin1": "Coahuila", "variable": "tmax_high", "new_value": 39.8, "date": "2026-09-14", "previous_value": 38.5, "previous_date": "1950-09-20" }, { "station": "Durango", "admin1": "Durango", "variable": "tmax_high", "new_value": 39.0, "date": "2026-09-04", "previous_value": 37.4, "previous_date": "2023-09-26" }, { "station": "Colonia Juan Carras", "admin1": "Sinaloa", "variable": "tmax_high", "new_value": 38.4, "date": "2026-09-05", "previous_value": 36.8, "previous_date": "2023-09-05" }, { "station": "Colonia Juan Carras", "admin1": "Sinaloa", "variable": "tmin_low", "new_value": 17.2, "date": "2026-09-05", "previous_value": 19.0, "previous_date": "1983-09-23" }, { "station": "Tampico", "admin1": "Tamaulipas", "variable": "tmin_low", "new_value": 15.8, "date": "2026-09-17", "previous_value": 17.0, "previous_date": "2020-09-30" }, { "station": "Guadalajara", "admin1": "Jalisco", "variable": "tmax_high", "new_value": 35.8, "date": "2026-09-04", "previous_value": 32.7, "previous_date": "2023-09-13" }, { "station": "Tulancingo", "admin1": "Hidalgo", "variable": "prcp_24h", "new_value": 141.0, "date": "2026-09-30", "previous_value": 86.1, "previous_date": "2007-09-28" }, { "station": "Tuxpan.Ver.", "admin1": "Veracruz", "variable": "tmin_low", "new_value": 16.0, "date": "2026-09-07", "previous_value": 16.8, "previous_date": "2020-09-29" }, { "station": "Manzanillo", "admin1": "Colima", "variable": "tmin_low", "new_value": 19.2, "date": "2026-09-22", "previous_value": 20.7, "previous_date": "1984-09-13" }, { "station": "Ciudad Guzman", "admin1": "Jalisco", "variable": "tmax_high", "new_value": 38.1, "date": "2026-09-04", "previous_value": 37.0, "previous_date": "2024-09-25" }, { "station": "Zamora", "admin1": "Michoacán", "variable": "tmax_high", "new_value": 37.9, "date": "2026-09-09", "previous_value": 36.5, "previous_date": "1968-09-10" }, { "station": "Tlaxcala De Xicontecatl (Dge)", "admin1": "Tlaxcala", "variable": "tmax_high", "new_value": 34.8, "date": "2026-09-30", "previous_value": 29.6, "previous_date": "2006-09-24" }, { "station": "Jalapa", "admin1": "Veracruz", "variable": "tmax_high", "new_value": 34.0, "date": "2026-09-21", "previous_value": 31.4, "previous_date": "2020-09-02" }, { "station": "Orizaba", "admin1": "Veracruz", "variable": "tmax_high", "new_value": 32.7, "date": "2026-09-07", "previous_value": 31.1, "previous_date": "2020-09-01" }, { "station": "Coatzacoalcos", "admin1": "Veracruz", "variable": "tmin_low", "new_value": 17.3, "date": "2026-09-19", "previous_value": 17.8, "previous_date": "2014-09-14" }, { "station": "Oaxaca", "admin1": "Oaxaca", "variable": "prcp_24h", "new_value": 175.0, "date": "2026-09-10", "previous_value": 171.7, "previous_date": "2017-09-19" }, { "station": "Sn. Cristobal Las Casas", "admin1": "Chiapas", "variable": "tmax_high", "new_value": 33.0, "date": "2026-09-16", "previous_value": 32.8, "previous_date": "1984-09-29" }, { "station": "Comitan", "admin1": "Chiapas", "variable": "tmax_high", "new_value": 33.9, "date": "2026-09-14", "previous_value": 32.4, "previous_date": "1992-09-01" } ], "categories": { "tmax_high": { "es": "Temperatura máxima más alta", "en": "Highest maximum temperature" }, "tmin_low": { "es": "Temperatura mínima más baja", "en": "Lowest minimum temperature" }, "prcp_24h": { "es": "Lluvia máxima en 24 h", "en": "Highest 24 h rainfall" } } }, { "id": "etccdi_indices", "title": { "es": "Índices de extremos climáticos (promedio nacional)", "en": "Climate-extremes indices (national mean)" }, "caption": { "es": "Índices de percentil respecto a los percentiles diarios de 1991–2020 (ventana de 5 días); conteos y máximos promediados sobre las celdas del país.", "en": "Percentile indices relative to calendar-day percentiles of 1991–2020 (5-day window); counts and maxima averaged over the country's grid cells." }, "sources": [ "cpc_precip", "cpc_temp" ], "type": "table", "columns": [ { "id": "index", "label": { "es": "Índice", "en": "Index" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "name", "label": { "es": "Descripción", "en": "Description" }, "dtype": "category" }, { "id": "value", "label": { "es": "Valor", "en": "Value" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "normal", "label": { "es": "Normal", "en": "Normal" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "anomaly", "label": { "es": "Diferencia", "en": "Difference" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "unit", "label": { "es": "Unidad", "en": "Unit" }, "dtype": "string" } ], "rows": [ { "index": "TX90p", "name": "TX90p", "value": 64.2, "normal": 10.0, "anomaly": 54.2, "unit": "%" }, { "index": "TN90p", "name": "TN90p", "value": 21.5, "normal": 10.0, "anomaly": 11.5, "unit": "%" }, { "index": "TX10p", "name": "TX10p", "value": 1.3, "normal": 10.0, "anomaly": -8.7, "unit": "%" }, { "index": "TN10p", "name": "TN10p", "value": 2.5, "normal": 10.0, "anomaly": -7.5, "unit": "%" }, { "index": "FD", "name": "FD", "value": 0.0, "normal": 0.0, "anomaly": -0.0, "unit": "d" }, { "index": "SU", "name": "SU", "value": 28.9, "normal": 24.8, "anomaly": 4.1, "unit": "d" }, { "index": "TR", "name": "TR", "value": 16.7, "normal": 14.5, "anomaly": 2.3, "unit": "d" }, { "index": "WSDI", "name": "WSDI", "value": 12.3, "normal": null, "anomaly": null, "unit": "d" }, { "index": "CSDI", "name": "CSDI", "value": 0.0, "normal": null, "anomaly": null, "unit": "d" }, { "index": "Rx1day", "name": "Rx1day", "value": 26.1, "normal": 32.9, "anomaly": -6.8, "unit": "mm" }, { "index": "Rx5day", "name": "Rx5day", "value": 47.2, "normal": 64.4, "anomaly": -17.2, "unit": "mm" }, { "index": "CDD", "name": "CDD", "value": 7.7, "normal": 8.3, "anomaly": -0.6, "unit": "d" }, { "index": "CWD", "name": "CWD", "value": 5.2, "normal": 5.9, "anomaly": -0.6, "unit": "d" } ], "categories": { "TX90p": { "es": "Días cálidos (máxima > percentil 90)", "en": "Warm days (Tmax > 90th percentile)" }, "TN90p": { "es": "Noches cálidas (mínima > percentil 90)", "en": "Warm nights (Tmin > 90th percentile)" }, "TX10p": { "es": "Días frescos (máxima < percentil 10)", "en": "Cool days (Tmax < 10th percentile)" }, "TN10p": { "es": "Noches frías (mínima < percentil 10)", "en": "Cold nights (Tmin < 10th percentile)" }, "FD": { "es": "Días con helada (mínima < 0 °C)", "en": "Frost days (Tmin < 0 °C)" }, "SU": { "es": "Días de verano (máxima > 25 °C)", "en": "Summer days (Tmax > 25 °C)" }, "TR": { "es": "Noches tropicales (mínima > 20 °C)", "en": "Tropical nights (Tmin > 20 °C)" }, "WSDI": { "es": "Días en rachas cálidas (≥ 6 días)", "en": "Warm spell days (≥ 6 days)" }, "CSDI": { "es": "Días en rachas frías (≥ 6 días)", "en": "Cold spell days (≥ 6 days)" }, "Rx1day": { "es": "Lluvia máxima en 1 día", "en": "Maximum 1-day precipitation" }, "Rx5day": { "es": "Lluvia máxima en 5 días", "en": "Maximum 5-day precipitation" }, "CDD": { "es": "Días secos consecutivos (< 1 mm)", "en": "Consecutive dry days (< 1 mm)" }, "CWD": { "es": "Días húmedos consecutivos (≥ 1 mm)", "en": "Consecutive wet days (≥ 1 mm)" } } }, { "id": "heat_cold_waves", "title": { "es": "Ondas de calor y frío", "en": "Heat and cold waves" }, "caption": { "es": "Onda: al menos 3 días consecutivos con al menos la mitad del país por encima del percentil 90 de la máxima (calor) o por debajo del percentil 10 de la mínima (frío). Se listan como máximo las 10 más intensas.", "en": "Wave: at least 3 consecutive days with at least half of the country above the 90th percentile of maximum temperature (heat) or below the 10th percentile of minimum temperature (cold). At most the 10 most intense are listed." }, "sources": [ "cpc_temp" ], "type": "event_list", "events": [ { "start": "2026-09-01", "end": "2026-09-22", "type": "heat_wave", "admin1": [], "associated_systems": [], "description": { "es": "Hasta el 81 % del país sobre el percentil 90 de la máxima. Regiones: Norte, Noreste, Centro-norte, Centro-occidente, Centro, Sur, Oriente y Península de Yucatán.", "en": "Up to 81% of the country above the 90th percentile of Tmax. Regions: North, Northeast, North-central, West-central, Central, South, East and Yucatán Peninsula." }, "references": [] }, { "start": "2026-09-26", "end": "2026-09-30", "type": "heat_wave", "admin1": [], "associated_systems": [], "description": { "es": "Hasta el 74 % del país sobre el percentil 90 de la máxima. Regiones: Norte, Noreste, Centro-norte, Centro-occidente, Centro, Sur, Oriente y Península de Yucatán.", "en": "Up to 74% of the country above the 90th percentile of Tmax. Regions: North, Northeast, North-central, West-central, Central, South, East and Yucatán Peninsula." }, "references": [] } ] } ] }, { "id": "drought", "number": 6, "title": { "en": "Drought", "es": "Sequía" }, "blocks": [ { "id": "spi_maps", "title": { "es": "Índice Estandarizado de Precipitación (SPI) al cierre de septiembre 2026", "en": "Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) ending September 2026" }, "caption": { "es": "SPI calculado con CPC_PRECIP; distribución gamma ajustada a los acumulados de 1991–2020.", "en": "SPI computed from CPC_PRECIP; gamma distribution fitted to 1991–2020 accumulations." }, "sources": [ "cpc_precip" ], "type": "map", "variable": "spi", "layout": "small_multiples", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/spi_maps.png", "format": "png" } ], "scale": "spi", "categories": { "extreme_drought": { "en": "Extreme drought", "es": "Déficit extremo" }, "severe_drought": { "en": "Severe drought", "es": "Déficit severo" }, "moderate_drought": { "en": "Moderate drought", "es": "Déficit moderado" }, "mild_drought": { "en": "Mild drought", "es": "Déficit débil" }, "normal": { "en": "Normal", "es": "Normal" }, "mildly_wet": { "en": "Mildly wet", "es": "Exceso débil" }, "moderately_wet": { "en": "Moderately wet", "es": "Exceso moderado" }, "severely_wet": { "en": "Severely wet", "es": "Exceso severo" }, "extremely_wet": { "en": "Extremely wet", "es": "Exceso extremo" } } }, { "id": "spi_area_by_category", "title": { "es": "Porcentaje del territorio por categoría de SPI", "en": "Share of the country by SPI category" }, "sources": [ "cpc_precip" ], "type": "chart", "chart": "stacked_bars", "unit": "%", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/spi_area_by_category.es.png", "format": "png", "language": "es" }, { "path": "figures/spi_area_by_category.en.png", "format": "png", "language": "en" } ], "data": { "scale": [ "SPI-1", "SPI-3", "SPI-6", "SPI-12" ], "extreme_drought": [ 5.3, 16.9, 6.4, 3.9 ], "severe_drought": [ 10.6, 11.7, 7.5, 6.1 ], "moderate_drought": [ 15.6, 16.7, 10.2, 9.8 ], "mild_drought": [ 13.8, 15.0, 17.3, 23.5 ], "normal": [ 29.1, 25.9, 40.2, 42.2 ], "mildly_wet": [ 8.3, 5.8, 10.3, 6.8 ], "moderately_wet": [ 5.6, 4.2, 3.9, 3.6 ], "severely_wet": [ 6.0, 1.6, 2.0, 2.0 ], "extremely_wet": [ 5.7, 2.1, 2.2, 2.2 ] } }, { "id": "most_affected_units", "title": { "es": "Estados con el SPI-3 más bajo", "en": "States with the lowest SPI-3" }, "sources": [ "cpc_precip" ], "type": "table", "columns": [ { "id": "admin1", "label": { "es": "Estado", "en": "State" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "spi_1", "label": { "es": "SPI-1", "en": "SPI-1" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "spi_3", "label": { "es": "SPI-3", "en": "SPI-3" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "spi_6", "label": { "es": "SPI-6", "en": "SPI-6" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "spi_12", "label": { "es": "SPI-12", "en": "SPI-12" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "category", "label": { "es": "Categoría", "en": "Category" }, "dtype": "category" } ], "rows": [ { "admin1": "Morelos", "spi_1": -1.15, "spi_3": -2.4, "spi_6": -1.32, "spi_12": -0.98, "category": "extreme_drought" }, { "admin1": "Tamaulipas", "spi_1": -1.6, "spi_3": -2.26, "spi_6": -0.64, "spi_12": -0.78, "category": "extreme_drought" }, { "admin1": "Tabasco", "spi_1": -1.85, "spi_3": -2.15, "spi_6": -1.92, "spi_12": -1.11, "category": "extreme_drought" }, { "admin1": "Puebla", "spi_1": -1.38, "spi_3": -2.03, "spi_6": -1.32, "spi_12": -0.85, "category": "extreme_drought" }, { "admin1": "Chiapas", "spi_1": -1.1, "spi_3": -1.97, "spi_6": -1.68, "spi_12": -1.0, "category": "severe_drought" }, { "admin1": "Nuevo León", "spi_1": -1.89, "spi_3": -1.94, "spi_6": -0.63, "spi_12": -0.86, "category": "severe_drought" }, { "admin1": "Tlaxcala", "spi_1": -1.36, "spi_3": -1.9, "spi_6": -0.66, "spi_12": -0.26, "category": "severe_drought" }, { "admin1": "Oaxaca", "spi_1": -1.05, "spi_3": -1.83, "spi_6": -1.2, "spi_12": -0.71, "category": "severe_drought" }, { "admin1": "Nayarit", "spi_1": -1.07, "spi_3": -1.73, "spi_6": -1.61, "spi_12": -1.54, "category": "severe_drought" }, { "admin1": "Guerrero", "spi_1": -1.07, "spi_3": -1.65, "spi_6": -1.33, "spi_12": -1.09, "category": "severe_drought" } ], "categories": { "extreme_drought": { "en": "Extreme drought", "es": "Déficit extremo" }, "severe_drought": { "en": "Severe drought", "es": "Déficit severo" }, "moderate_drought": { "en": "Moderate drought", "es": "Déficit moderado" }, "mild_drought": { "en": "Mild drought", "es": "Déficit débil" }, "normal": { "en": "Normal", "es": "Normal" }, "mildly_wet": { "en": "Mildly wet", "es": "Exceso débil" }, "moderately_wet": { "en": "Moderately wet", "es": "Exceso moderado" }, "severely_wet": { "en": "Severely wet", "es": "Exceso severo" }, "extremely_wet": { "en": "Extremely wet", "es": "Exceso extremo" } } }, { "id": "drought_narrative", "sources": [], "type": "narrative", "style": "paragraphs", "paragraphs": [ { "es": "SPI-3 (Jul–Sep 2026): promedio nacional de −0.78; el 45 % del país con sequía (SPI ≤ −1.0) y el 29 % con sequía severa o extrema.", "en": "SPI-3 (Jul–Sep 2026): national mean −0.78; 45% of the country in drought (SPI ≤ −1.0) and 29% in severe or extreme drought." }, { "es": "Estados más afectados: Morelos (−2.40), Tamaulipas (−2.26) y Tabasco (−2.15).", "en": "Most affected states: Morelos (−2.40), Tamaulipas (−2.26) and Tabasco (−2.15)." }, { "es": "SPI-1 (septiembre 2026): el 32 % del país con sequía.", "en": "SPI-1 (September 2026): 32% of the country in drought." }, { "es": "SPI-6 (Abr–Sep 2026): el 24 % del país con sequía.", "en": "SPI-6 (Apr–Sep 2026): 24% of the country in drought." }, { "es": "SPI-12 (Oct 2025–Sep 2026): el 20 % del país con sequía.", "en": "SPI-12 (Oct 2025–Sep 2026): 20% of the country in drought." } ] } ] }, { "id": "events", "number": 7, "title": { "en": "Severe weather and notable events", "es": "Eventos notables y tiempo severo" }, "blocks": [ { "id": "tropical_cyclones_map", "title": { "es": "Trayectorias de ciclones tropicales cercanos", "en": "Tracks of nearby tropical cyclones" }, "caption": { "es": "Trayectorias completas; categoría de Saffir-Simpson según el NHC/JTWC. Fuente: IBTrACS v04 (datos provisionales para las temporadas recientes).", "en": "Whole tracks; Saffir–Simpson category from NHC/JTWC. Source: IBTrACS v04 (provisional for recent seasons)." }, "sources": [ "ibtracs" ], "type": "map", "variable": "tropical_cyclone_tracks", "layout": "markers", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/tropical_cyclones_map.es.png", "format": "png", "language": "es" }, { "path": "figures/tropical_cyclones_map.en.png", "format": "png", "language": "en" } ], "categories": {} }, { "id": "tropical_cyclones_table", "title": { "es": "Ciclones tropicales a menos de 300 km del país", "en": "Tropical cyclones within 300 km of the country" }, "sources": [ "ibtracs" ], "type": "table", "columns": [ { "id": "name", "label": { "es": "Nombre", "en": "Name" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "basin", "label": { "es": "Cuenca", "en": "Basin" }, "dtype": "category" }, { "id": "max_category", "label": { "es": "Intensidad máxima", "en": "Peak intensity" }, "dtype": "category" }, { "id": "max_wind_kmh", "label": { "es": "Viento máximo", "en": "Maximum wind" }, "dtype": "integer", "unit": "km/h" }, { "id": "start", "label": { "es": "Inicio", "en": "Start" }, "dtype": "date" }, { "id": "end", "label": { "es": "Fin", "en": "End" }, "dtype": "date" }, { "id": "closest_approach_km", "label": { "es": "Distancia mínima", "en": "Closest approach" }, "dtype": "integer", "unit": "km" }, { "id": "landfall", "label": { "es": "Impacto en tierra", "en": "Landfall" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "landfall_category", "label": { "es": "Intensidad al impacto", "en": "Landfall intensity" }, "dtype": "category" } ], "rows": [ { "name": "Marie", "basin": "EP", "max_category": "h2", "max_wind_kmh": 157, "start": "2026-08-29", "end": "2026-09-08", "closest_approach_km": 71, "landfall": null, "landfall_category": null }, { "name": "Norbert", "basin": "EP", "max_category": "ts", "max_wind_kmh": 102, "start": "2026-09-07", "end": "2026-09-15", "closest_approach_km": 265, "landfall": null, "landfall_category": null }, { "name": "Polo", "basin": "EP", "max_category": "h5", "max_wind_kmh": 287, "start": "2026-09-17", "end": "2026-09-30", "closest_approach_km": 0, "landfall": "Baja California Sur", "landfall_category": "h2" }, { "name": "Rachel", "basin": "EP", "max_category": "h3", "max_wind_kmh": 194, "start": "2026-09-25", "end": "2026-10-08", "closest_approach_km": 293, "landfall": null, "landfall_category": null } ], "categories": { "td": { "es": "Depresión tropical", "en": "Tropical depression" }, "ts": { "es": "Tormenta tropical", "en": "Tropical storm" }, "h1": { "es": "Huracán categoría 1", "en": "Category 1 hurricane" }, "h2": { "es": "Huracán categoría 2", "en": "Category 2 hurricane" }, "h3": { "es": "Huracán categoría 3", "en": "Category 3 hurricane" }, "h4": { "es": "Huracán categoría 4", "en": "Category 4 hurricane" }, "h5": { "es": "Huracán categoría 5", "en": "Category 5 hurricane" }, "other": { "es": "Otro sistema", "en": "Other system" }, "EP": { "es": "Pacífico nororiental", "en": "Eastern North Pacific" } } }, { "id": "events_table", "title": { "es": "Eventos notables", "en": "Notable events" }, "caption": { "es": "Alertas de GDACS y lluvias de 150 mm o más en 24 horas en estaciones (tras el control de calidad).", "en": "GDACS alerts and station rainfall of 150 mm or more in 24 hours (after quality control)." }, "sources": [ "gdacs", "ghcn" ], "type": "event_list", "events": [ { "start": "2026-04-21", "end": "2026-10-09", "type": "drought", "admin1": [], "lat": 16.86, "lon": -93.638, "associated_systems": [], "description": { "es": "Alerta Orange de GDACS: Drought in The Bahamas, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti, Mexico, Nicaragua, El Salvador.", "en": "GDACS Orange alert: Drought in The Bahamas, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti, Mexico, Nicaragua, El Salvador." }, "references": [ "https://www.gdacs.org/report.aspx?eventid=1027449&episodeid=11&eventtype=DR" ] }, { "start": "2026-09-10", "type": "heavy_rain", "admin1": [ "MX-OAX" ], "location": "Oaxaca, Oax.", "lat": 17.05, "lon": -96.717, "associated_systems": [], "description": { "es": "175.0 mm en 24 horas.", "en": "175.0 mm in 24 hours." }, "references": [] } ] }, { "id": "events_narrative", "sources": [], "type": "narrative", "style": "paragraphs", "paragraphs": [ { "es": "Ciclones tropicales a menos de 300 km del país: 4 (Marie, Norbert, Polo y Rachel).", "en": "Tropical cyclones within 300 km of the country: 4 (Marie, Norbert, Polo and Rachel)." }, { "es": "Impactos en tierra: Polo en Baja California Sur (huracán categoría 2).", "en": "Landfalls: Polo in Baja California Sur (category 2 hurricane)." } ] } ] }, { "id": "outlook", "number": 9, "title": { "en": "Outlook", "es": "Perspectivas" }, "blocks": [ { "id": "next_month_terciles", "title": { "es": "Perspectiva para octubre 2026: tercil más probable", "en": "Outlook for October 2026: most likely tercile" }, "sources": [ "nmme" ], "type": "map", "variable": "tercile_probability", "layout": "small_multiples", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/next_month_terciles.es.png", "format": "png", "language": "es" }, { "path": "figures/next_month_terciles.en.png", "format": "png", "language": "en" } ], "scale": "outlook_tercile", "categories": { "below_normal": { "en": "Below normal", "es": "Inferior a lo normal" }, "normal_below": { "en": "Normal to below normal", "es": "Normal a inferior" }, "normal": { "en": "Normal", "es": "Normal" }, "normal_above": { "en": "Normal to above normal", "es": "Normal a superior" }, "above_normal": { "en": "Above normal", "es": "Superior a lo normal" } } }, { "id": "next_season_terciles", "title": { "es": "Perspectiva para Oct–Dic 2026: tercil más probable", "en": "Outlook for Oct–Dec 2026: most likely tercile" }, "sources": [ "nmme" ], "type": "map", "variable": "tercile_probability", "layout": "small_multiples", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/next_season_terciles.es.png", "format": "png", "language": "es" }, { "path": "figures/next_season_terciles.en.png", "format": "png", "language": "en" } ], "scale": "outlook_tercile", "categories": { "below_normal": { "en": "Below normal", "es": "Inferior a lo normal" }, "normal_below": { "en": "Normal to below normal", "es": "Normal a inferior" }, "normal": { "en": "Normal", "es": "Normal" }, "normal_above": { "en": "Normal to above normal", "es": "Normal a superior" }, "above_normal": { "en": "Above normal", "es": "Superior a lo normal" } } }, { "id": "regional_probabilities", "title": { "es": "Probabilidad de cada tercil por región, Oct–Dic 2026 (%)", "en": "Probability of each tercile by region, Oct–Dec 2026 (%)" }, "sources": [ "nmme" ], "type": "table", "columns": [ { "id": "region", "label": { "es": "Región", "en": "Region" }, "dtype": "category" }, { "id": "precip_below", "label": { "es": "Precipitación: inferior", "en": "Precipitation: below" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "precip_normal", "label": { "es": "Precipitación: normal", "en": "Precipitation: normal" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "precip_above", "label": { "es": "Precipitación: superior", "en": "Precipitation: above" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "temperature_below", "label": { "es": "Temp.: inferior", "en": "Temp.: below" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "temperature_normal", "label": { "es": "Temp.: normal", "en": "Temp.: normal" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "temperature_above", "label": { "es": "Temp.: superior", "en": "Temp.: above" }, "dtype": "number" } ], "rows": [ { "region": "noroeste", "precip_below": 16, "precip_normal": 31, "precip_above": 53, "temperature_below": 18, "temperature_normal": 29, "temperature_above": 53 }, { "region": "norte", "precip_below": 14, "precip_normal": 31, "precip_above": 54, "temperature_below": 30, "temperature_normal": 36, "temperature_above": 34 }, { "region": "noreste", "precip_below": 15, "precip_normal": 32, "precip_above": 53, "temperature_below": 25, "temperature_normal": 34, "temperature_above": 41 }, { "region": "centro_norte", "precip_below": 11, "precip_normal": 30, "precip_above": 59, "temperature_below": 18, "temperature_normal": 31, "temperature_above": 51 }, { "region": "centro_occidente", "precip_below": 15, "precip_normal": 30, "precip_above": 55, "temperature_below": 15, "temperature_normal": 25, "temperature_above": 60 }, { "region": "centro", "precip_below": 21, "precip_normal": 33, "precip_above": 46, "temperature_below": 7, "temperature_normal": 20, "temperature_above": 72 }, { "region": "sur", "precip_below": 23, "precip_normal": 34, "precip_above": 44, "temperature_below": 16, "temperature_normal": 25, "temperature_above": 59 }, { "region": "oriente", "precip_below": 30, "precip_normal": 32, "precip_above": 39, "temperature_below": 13, "temperature_normal": 20, "temperature_above": 67 }, { "region": "peninsula_yucatan", "precip_below": 32, "precip_normal": 34, "precip_above": 33, "temperature_below": 17, "temperature_normal": 19, "temperature_above": 64 } ], "categories": { "noroeste": { "es": "Noroeste", "en": "Northwest" }, "norte": { "es": "Norte", "en": "North" }, "noreste": { "es": "Noreste", "en": "Northeast" }, "centro_norte": { "es": "Centro-norte", "en": "North-central" }, "centro_occidente": { "es": "Centro-occidente", "en": "West-central" }, "centro": { "es": "Centro", "en": "Central" }, "sur": { "es": "Sur", "en": "South" }, "oriente": { "es": "Oriente", "en": "East" }, "peninsula_yucatan": { "es": "Península de Yucatán", "en": "Yucatán Peninsula" } } }, { "id": "enso_outlook", "title": { "es": "Pronóstico de ENOS: probabilidad de cada fase (%)", "en": "ENSO outlook: probability of each phase (%)" }, "sources": [ "cpc_enso_outlook" ], "type": "chart", "chart": "stacked_bars", "unit": "%", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/enso_outlook.es.png", "format": "png", "language": "es" }, { "path": "figures/enso_outlook.en.png", "format": "png", "language": "en" } ], "data": { "season": [ "SON", "OND", "NDJ", "DJF", "JFM", "FMA", "MAM", "AMJ", "MJJ" ], "la_nina": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 13 ], "neutral": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 15, 54, 70 ], "el_nino": [ 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 98, 85, 45, 17 ] } }, { "id": "outlook_disclaimer", "sources": [], "type": "note", "text": { "es": "Perspectiva probabilística del conjunto multimodelo norteamericano (NMME), inicializada en octubre 2026, respecto a los terciles de 1991–2020. No es un pronóstico oficial: consulte al servicio meteorológico nacional.", "en": "Probabilistic outlook from the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME), initialised in October 2026, relative to 1991–2020 terciles. It is not an official forecast: consult the national meteorological service." } }, { "id": "outlook_narrative", "sources": [], "type": "narrative", "style": "paragraphs", "paragraphs": [ { "es": "Precipitación, octubre 2026: se favorece un valor superior a lo normal en el 91 % del país e inferior a lo normal en el 0 %.", "en": "Precipitation, October 2026: above normal is favoured over 91% of the country and below normal over 0%." }, { "es": "Temperatura media, octubre 2026: se favorece un valor superior a lo normal en el 66 % del país e inferior a lo normal en el 1 %.", "en": "Mean temperature, October 2026: above normal is favoured over 66% of the country and below normal over 1%." }, { "es": "Precipitación, Oct–Dic 2026: se favorece un valor superior a lo normal en el 84 % del país e inferior a lo normal en el 0 %.", "en": "Precipitation, Oct–Dec 2026: above normal is favoured over 84% of the country and below normal over 0%." }, { "es": "Temperatura media, Oct–Dic 2026: se favorece un valor superior a lo normal en el 63 % del país e inferior a lo normal en el 0 %.", "en": "Mean temperature, Oct–Dec 2026: above normal is favoured over 63% of the country and below normal over 0%." }, { "es": "Probabilidad de El Niño según el pronóstico oficial de ENOS: SON 100 %, OND 100 %, NDJ 100 % y DJF 100 %.", "en": "Probability of El Niño in the official ENSO outlook: SON 100%, OND 100%, NDJ 100% and DJF 100%." } ] } ] }, { "id": "annexes", "number": 10, "title": { "en": "Annexes", "es": "Anexos" }, "blocks": [ { "id": "regions_definition", "title": { "es": "Regiones climáticas del reporte", "en": "Report climate regions" }, "sources": [], "type": "map", "variable": "regions", "layout": "choropleth", "assets": [ { "path": "figures/regions_definition.png", "format": "png" } ], "categories": {} }, { "id": "admin1_monthly_precip", "title": { "es": "Precipitación mensual por entidad (mm)", "en": "Monthly precipitation by state (mm)" }, "sources": [ "cpc_precip" ], "data_ref": "data/admin1_monthly_precip.csv", "type": "table", "columns": [ { "id": "admin1", "label": { "es": "Entidad", "en": "State" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "m01", "label": { "es": "Ene", "en": "Jan" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "m02", "label": { "es": "Feb", "en": "Feb" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "m03", "label": { "es": "Mar", "en": "Mar" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "m04", "label": { "es": "Abr", "en": "Apr" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "m05", "label": { "es": "May", "en": "May" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "m06", "label": { "es": "Jun", "en": "Jun" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "m07", "label": { "es": "Jul", "en": "Jul" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "m08", "label": { "es": "Ago", "en": "Aug" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "m09", "label": { "es": "Sep", "en": "Sep" }, "dtype": "number" } ], "rows": [ { "admin1": "Aguascalientes", "m01": 5.6, "m02": 0.2, "m03": 10.1, "m04": 13.2, "m05": 7.3, "m06": 160.3, "m07": 88.6, "m08": 70.5, "m09": 106.6 }, { "admin1": "Baja California", "m01": 20.2, "m02": 14.8, "m03": 3.4, "m04": 1.4, "m05": 1.2, "m06": 0.8, "m07": 1.5, "m08": 7.4, "m09": 13.6 }, { "admin1": "Baja California Sur", "m01": 24.7, "m02": 4.1, "m03": 4.7, "m04": 0.0, "m05": 0.2, "m06": 1.5, "m07": 13.5, "m08": 58.0, "m09": 197.4 }, { "admin1": "Campeche", "m01": 21.9, "m02": 6.6, "m03": 62.8, "m04": 40.6, "m05": 98.2, "m06": 149.8, "m07": 112.4, "m08": 153.5, "m09": 195.7 }, { "admin1": "Chiapas", "m01": 48.3, "m02": 21.9, "m03": 66.5, "m04": 72.9, "m05": 100.7, "m06": 221.3, "m07": 123.4, "m08": 95.1, "m09": 231.2 }, { "admin1": "Chihuahua", "m01": 24.9, "m02": 11.5, "m03": 5.1, "m04": 4.2, "m05": 8.2, "m06": 52.8, "m07": 79.9, "m08": 44.0, "m09": 114.5 }, { "admin1": "Ciudad de México", "m01": 7.9, "m02": 2.0, "m03": 36.4, "m04": 48.2, "m05": 120.7, "m06": 237.7, "m07": 161.3, "m08": 175.0, "m09": 138.8 }, { "admin1": "Coahuila", "m01": 9.6, "m02": 1.0, "m03": 2.8, "m04": 29.1, "m05": 37.2, "m06": 69.6, "m07": 55.5, "m08": 9.2, "m09": 24.8 }, { "admin1": "Colima", "m01": 17.4, "m02": 0.0, "m03": 5.3, "m04": 1.5, "m05": 2.1, "m06": 160.1, "m07": 109.9, "m08": 161.2, "m09": 157.1 }, { "admin1": "Durango", "m01": 33.2, "m02": 4.3, "m03": 4.2, "m04": 6.0, "m05": 10.1, "m06": 85.8, "m07": 129.2, "m08": 72.3, "m09": 105.2 }, { "admin1": "Guanajuato", "m01": 10.8, "m02": 0.4, "m03": 8.2, "m04": 34.2, "m05": 29.6, "m06": 163.0, "m07": 77.4, "m08": 60.0, "m09": 98.5 }, { "admin1": "Guerrero", "m01": 6.2, "m02": 6.9, "m03": 9.3, "m04": 21.3, "m05": 42.2, "m06": 160.4, "m07": 114.5, "m08": 106.9, "m09": 154.7 }, { "admin1": "Hidalgo", "m01": 11.6, "m02": 8.7, "m03": 20.2, "m04": 39.1, "m05": 86.8, "m06": 167.2, "m07": 77.6, "m08": 55.5, "m09": 108.0 }, { "admin1": "Jalisco", "m01": 14.0, "m02": 1.0, "m03": 11.4, "m04": 9.8, "m05": 10.1, "m06": 172.1, "m07": 168.6, "m08": 132.8, "m09": 140.4 }, { "admin1": "Estado de México", "m01": 16.0, "m02": 2.8, "m03": 30.0, "m04": 51.6, "m05": 89.7, "m06": 185.6, "m07": 122.6, "m08": 127.0, "m09": 110.0 }, { "admin1": "Michoacán", "m01": 10.0, "m02": 0.4, "m03": 4.0, "m04": 17.0, "m05": 19.8, "m06": 140.1, "m07": 146.9, "m08": 106.1, "m09": 100.8 }, { "admin1": "Morelos", "m01": 1.0, "m02": 2.4, "m03": 23.0, "m04": 39.4, "m05": 60.3, "m06": 228.7, "m07": 107.0, "m08": 79.1, "m09": 126.3 }, { "admin1": "Nayarit", "m01": 5.4, "m02": 0.3, "m03": 6.0, "m04": 0.5, "m05": 1.5, "m06": 130.8, "m07": 257.1, "m08": 125.0, "m09": 175.4 }, { "admin1": "Nuevo León", "m01": 7.0, "m02": 0.1, "m03": 7.2, "m04": 73.3, "m05": 76.7, "m06": 96.0, "m07": 35.8, "m08": 27.6, "m09": 29.8 }, { "admin1": "Oaxaca", "m01": 25.0, "m02": 10.5, "m03": 25.8, "m04": 37.3, "m05": 70.9, "m06": 230.0, "m07": 113.2, "m08": 83.6, "m09": 148.2 }, { "admin1": "Puebla", "m01": 14.5, "m02": 14.3, "m03": 36.5, "m04": 54.4, "m05": 79.9, "m06": 205.3, "m07": 111.3, "m08": 69.1, "m09": 117.2 }, { "admin1": "Querétaro", "m01": 7.2, "m02": 4.9, "m03": 21.0, "m04": 22.8, "m05": 62.3, "m06": 129.8, "m07": 71.5, "m08": 47.4, "m09": 89.4 }, { "admin1": "Quintana Roo", "m01": 37.0, "m02": 15.6, "m03": 89.9, "m04": 54.6, "m05": 101.4, "m06": 118.5, "m07": 86.6, "m08": 70.2, "m09": 121.8 }, { "admin1": "San Luis Potosí", "m01": 6.6, "m02": 1.2, "m03": 8.0, "m04": 29.0, "m05": 64.9, "m06": 155.4, "m07": 57.4, "m08": 34.8, "m09": 58.9 }, { "admin1": "Sinaloa", "m01": 34.3, "m02": 2.5, "m03": 2.5, "m04": 0.1, "m05": 1.9, "m06": 49.0, "m07": 221.6, "m08": 160.2, "m09": 152.6 }, { "admin1": "Sonora", "m01": 41.4, "m02": 5.3, "m03": 15.8, "m04": 0.3, "m05": 3.0, "m06": 23.0, "m07": 108.0, "m08": 69.5, "m09": 126.7 }, { "admin1": "Tabasco", "m01": 154.5, "m02": 29.0, "m03": 125.5, "m04": 57.0, "m05": 81.5, "m06": 156.7, "m07": 87.1, "m08": 123.8, "m09": 159.5 }, { "admin1": "Tamaulipas", "m01": 3.9, "m02": 0.7, "m03": 4.1, "m04": 76.8, "m05": 119.3, "m06": 147.1, "m07": 41.2, "m08": 15.8, "m09": 50.0 }, { "admin1": "Tlaxcala", "m01": 9.2, "m02": 3.5, "m03": 42.3, "m04": 65.3, "m05": 89.7, "m06": 178.8, "m07": 103.6, "m08": 74.7, "m09": 91.3 }, { "admin1": "Veracruz", "m01": 73.2, "m02": 30.9, "m03": 32.3, "m04": 65.8, "m05": 82.0, "m06": 259.9, "m07": 163.4, "m08": 126.5, "m09": 168.5 }, { "admin1": "Yucatán", "m01": 20.4, "m02": 6.2, "m03": 67.9, "m04": 46.4, "m05": 137.0, "m06": 174.7, "m07": 117.2, "m08": 136.4, "m09": 166.6 }, { "admin1": "Zacatecas", "m01": 14.3, "m02": 0.7, "m03": 5.0, "m04": 14.5, "m05": 13.7, "m06": 113.3, "m07": 70.6, "m08": 55.9, "m09": 84.3 } ], "categories": {} }, { "id": "admin1_monthly_tmax", "title": { "es": "Temperatura máxima mensual por entidad (°C)", "en": "Monthly maximum temperature by state (°C)" }, "sources": [ "cpc_temp" ], "data_ref": "data/admin1_monthly_tmax.csv", "type": "table", "columns": [ { "id": "admin1", "label": { "es": "Entidad", "en": "State" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "m01", "label": { "es": "Ene", "en": "Jan" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "m02", "label": { "es": "Feb", "en": "Feb" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "m03", "label": { "es": "Mar", "en": "Mar" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "m04", "label": { "es": "Abr", "en": "Apr" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "m05", "label": { "es": "May", "en": "May" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "m06", "label": { "es": "Jun", "en": "Jun" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "m07", "label": { "es": "Jul", "en": "Jul" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "m08", "label": { "es": "Ago", "en": "Aug" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "m09", "label": { "es": "Sep", "en": "Sep" }, "dtype": "number" } ], "rows": [ { "admin1": "Aguascalientes", "m01": 22.8, "m02": 27.4, "m03": 28.3, "m04": 31.3, "m05": 31.9, "m06": 27.6, "m07": 27.8, "m08": 28.7, "m09": 27.4 }, { "admin1": "Baja California", "m01": 21.2, "m02": 23.2, "m03": 28.1, "m04": 25.4, "m05": 27.2, "m06": 31.6, "m07": 33.8, "m08": 34.5, "m09": 32.7 }, { "admin1": "Baja California Sur", "m01": 25.5, "m02": 27.5, "m03": 30.1, "m04": 30.1, "m05": 30.3, "m06": 33.5, "m07": 35.9, "m08": 36.7, "m09": 34.7 }, { "admin1": "Campeche", "m01": 28.5, "m02": 30.1, "m03": 32.4, "m04": 35.4, "m05": 37.0, "m06": 35.5, "m07": 35.3, "m08": 35.6, "m09": 35.7 }, { "admin1": "Chiapas", "m01": 27.8, "m02": 29.1, "m03": 30.8, "m04": 33.1, "m05": 34.5, "m06": 32.5, "m07": 32.6, "m08": 32.9, "m09": 33.2 }, { "admin1": "Chihuahua", "m01": 19.1, "m02": 24.1, "m03": 29.1, "m04": 29.3, "m05": 32.4, "m06": 35.5, "m07": 34.1, "m08": 34.6, "m09": 32.0 }, { "admin1": "Ciudad de México", "m01": 21.0, "m02": 23.8, "m03": 23.0, "m04": 25.9, "m05": 26.2, "m06": 22.8, "m07": 23.7, "m08": 24.2, "m09": 24.1 }, { "admin1": "Coahuila", "m01": 20.6, "m02": 27.7, "m03": 30.7, "m04": 30.4, "m05": 33.5, "m06": 35.4, "m07": 34.8, "m08": 36.9, "m09": 35.8 }, { "admin1": "Colima", "m01": 31.1, "m02": 31.9, "m03": 32.6, "m04": 33.6, "m05": 34.8, "m06": 33.2, "m07": 34.2, "m08": 34.1, "m09": 33.2 }, { "admin1": "Durango", "m01": 22.3, "m02": 27.2, "m03": 29.4, "m04": 32.1, "m05": 32.8, "m06": 32.9, "m07": 31.2, "m08": 32.1, "m09": 30.9 }, { "admin1": "Guanajuato", "m01": 25.1, "m02": 29.2, "m03": 29.7, "m04": 32.8, "m05": 33.5, "m06": 29.2, "m07": 29.8, "m08": 30.3, "m09": 29.7 }, { "admin1": "Guerrero", "m01": 32.1, "m02": 33.7, "m03": 33.5, "m04": 35.2, "m05": 35.8, "m06": 31.8, "m07": 33.6, "m08": 33.4, "m09": 32.6 }, { "admin1": "Hidalgo", "m01": 22.2, "m02": 25.9, "m03": 26.5, "m04": 29.6, "m05": 30.7, "m06": 28.1, "m07": 28.3, "m08": 29.1, "m09": 28.7 }, { "admin1": "Jalisco", "m01": 27.4, "m02": 30.0, "m03": 30.9, "m04": 33.2, "m05": 34.2, "m06": 30.2, "m07": 30.4, "m08": 30.7, "m09": 29.9 }, { "admin1": "Estado de México", "m01": 24.1, "m02": 27.3, "m03": 26.6, "m04": 29.3, "m05": 29.7, "m06": 25.8, "m07": 26.5, "m08": 26.8, "m09": 26.7 }, { "admin1": "Michoacán", "m01": 30.8, "m02": 33.4, "m03": 33.8, "m04": 35.8, "m05": 36.4, "m06": 31.6, "m07": 32.2, "m08": 32.4, "m09": 31.8 }, { "admin1": "Morelos", "m01": 29.0, "m02": 32.3, "m03": 32.1, "m04": 34.9, "m05": 35.0, "m06": 29.8, "m07": 31.6, "m08": 32.3, "m09": 31.7 }, { "admin1": 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"admin1": "Sinaloa", "m01": 29.1, "m02": 30.8, "m03": 32.7, "m04": 35.1, "m05": 36.4, "m06": 36.6, "m07": 36.6, "m08": 36.3, "m09": 35.7 }, { "admin1": "Sonora", "m01": 23.5, "m02": 27.1, "m03": 32.3, "m04": 31.6, "m05": 34.3, "m06": 38.6, "m07": 37.7, "m08": 38.3, "m09": 35.5 }, { "admin1": "Tabasco", "m01": 27.1, "m02": 28.7, "m03": 30.8, "m04": 34.1, "m05": 36.0, "m06": 34.7, "m07": 35.0, "m08": 35.0, "m09": 35.1 }, { "admin1": "Tamaulipas", "m01": 23.4, "m02": 29.0, "m03": 31.9, "m04": 31.3, "m05": 33.6, "m06": 34.4, "m07": 36.5, "m08": 37.8, "m09": 37.3 }, { "admin1": "Tlaxcala", "m01": 22.7, "m02": 25.4, "m03": 24.8, "m04": 27.3, "m05": 28.0, "m06": 24.7, "m07": 25.5, "m08": 25.7, "m09": 25.9 }, { "admin1": "Veracruz", "m01": 25.2, "m02": 27.3, "m03": 29.4, "m04": 32.3, "m05": 34.5, "m06": 33.3, "m07": 32.8, "m08": 33.1, "m09": 32.8 }, { "admin1": "Yucatán", "m01": 29.7, "m02": 31.5, "m03": 33.3, "m04": 35.7, "m05": 37.6, "m06": 36.3, "m07": 37.0, "m08": 36.6, "m09": 36.4 }, { "admin1": "Zacatecas", "m01": 20.7, "m02": 25.8, "m03": 26.7, "m04": 29.8, "m05": 30.3, "m06": 27.8, "m07": 27.8, "m08": 28.5, "m09": 27.2 } ], "categories": {} }, { "id": "admin1_monthly_tmean", "title": { "es": "Temperatura media mensual por entidad (°C)", "en": "Monthly mean temperature by state (°C)" }, "sources": [ "cpc_temp" ], "data_ref": "data/admin1_monthly_tmean.csv", "type": "table", "columns": [ { "id": "admin1", "label": { "es": "Entidad", "en": "State" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "m01", "label": { "es": "Ene", "en": "Jan" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "m02", "label": { "es": "Feb", "en": "Feb" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "m03", "label": { "es": "Mar", "en": "Mar" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "m04", "label": { "es": "Abr", "en": "Apr" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "m05", "label": { "es": "May", "en": "May" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "m06", "label": { "es": "Jun", "en": "Jun" }, "dtype": "number" }, { "id": "m07", "label": { "es": "Jul", "en": "Jul" }, 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(La Bufa", "admin1": "Zacatecas", "lat": 22.783, "lon": -102.567, "altitude_m": 2612.0, "completeness_pct": 0 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076548", "name": "Tampico", "admin1": "Tamaulipas", "lat": 22.2, "lon": -97.85, "altitude_m": 25.0, "completeness_pct": 73 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076573", "name": "Lagos De Moreno", "admin1": "Jalisco", "lat": 21.35, "lon": -101.917, "altitude_m": 1942.0, "completeness_pct": 0 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076581", "name": "Rio Verde", "admin1": "San Luis Potosí", "lat": 21.933, "lon": -99.983, "altitude_m": 983.0, "completeness_pct": 67 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076593", "name": "Progreso", "admin1": "Yucatán", "lat": 21.2833, "lon": -89.65, "altitude_m": 2.4, "completeness_pct": 0 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076612", "name": "Guadalajara", "admin1": "Jalisco", "lat": 20.72, "lon": -103.38, "altitude_m": 1583.0, "completeness_pct": 63 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076632", "name": "Pachuca", "admin1": "Hidalgo", "lat": 20.133, "lon": -98.75, "altitude_m": 2435.0, "completeness_pct": 0 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076634", "name": "Tulancingo", "admin1": "Hidalgo", "lat": 20.083, "lon": -98.367, "altitude_m": 2181.0, "completeness_pct": 0 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076640", "name": "Tuxpan.Ver.", "admin1": "Veracruz", "lat": 20.95, "lon": -97.4, "altitude_m": 28.0, "completeness_pct": 83 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076647", "name": "Valladolid", "admin1": "Yucatán", "lat": 20.683, "lon": -88.2, "altitude_m": 27.0, "completeness_pct": 83 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076654", "name": "Manzanillo", "admin1": "Colima", "lat": 19.05, "lon": -104.317, "altitude_m": 3.0, "completeness_pct": 63 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076656", "name": "Ciudad Guzman", "admin1": "Jalisco", "lat": 19.717, "lon": -103.467, "altitude_m": 1515.0, "completeness_pct": 60 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076662", "name": "Zamora", "admin1": "Michoacán", "lat": 20.0, "lon": -102.28, "altitude_m": 1540.0, "completeness_pct": 83 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076665", "name": "Morelia", "admin1": "Michoacán", "lat": 19.7, "lon": -101.183, "altitude_m": 1913.0, "completeness_pct": 0 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076675", "name": "Toluca (Obs)", "admin1": "Estado de México", "lat": 19.2833, "lon": -99.7, "altitude_m": 2725.8, "completeness_pct": 0 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076680", "name": "Mexico City", "admin1": "Ciudad de México", "lat": 19.4, "lon": -99.183, "altitude_m": 2303.0, "completeness_pct": 0 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076683", "name": "Tlaxcala De Xicontecatl (Dge)", "admin1": "Tlaxcala", "lat": 19.3167, "lon": -98.2333, "altitude_m": 2229.9, "completeness_pct": 63 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076687", "name": "Jalapa", "admin1": "Veracruz", "lat": 19.55, "lon": -96.917, "altitude_m": 1389.0, "completeness_pct": 43 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076692", "name": "Hacienda Ylang Ylang Veracruz", "admin1": "Veracruz", "lat": 19.15, "lon": -96.117, "altitude_m": 16.0, "completeness_pct": 73 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076737", "name": "Orizaba", "admin1": "Veracruz", "lat": 18.85, "lon": -97.1, "altitude_m": 1259.0, "completeness_pct": 67 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076741", "name": "Coatzacoalcos", "admin1": "Veracruz", "lat": 18.133, "lon": -94.417, "altitude_m": 22.0, "completeness_pct": 67 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076743", "name": "Villahermosa", "admin1": "Tabasco", "lat": 17.983, "lon": -92.933, "altitude_m": 16.0, "completeness_pct": 0 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076762", "name": "Chilpancingo Ro.", "admin1": "Guerrero", "lat": 17.55, "lon": -99.5, "altitude_m": 1265.0, "completeness_pct": 0 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076773", "name": "Huajuapan De Leon (Dge)", "admin1": "Oaxaca", "lat": 17.8, "lon": -97.7667, "altitude_m": 1583.7, "completeness_pct": 0 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076775", "name": "Oaxaca", "admin1": "Oaxaca", "lat": 17.05, "lon": -96.717, "altitude_m": 1518.0, "completeness_pct": 0 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076805", "name": "Acapulco", "admin1": "Guerrero", "lat": 16.833, "lon": -99.933, "altitude_m": 3.0, "completeness_pct": 0 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076833", "name": "Salina Cruz", "admin1": "Oaxaca", "lat": 16.1667, "lon": -95.2, "altitude_m": 9.8, "completeness_pct": 0 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076840", "name": "Temosachi (Obs)", "admin1": "Chihuahua", "lat": 28.95, "lon": -107.8167, "altitude_m": 1931.8, "completeness_pct": 40 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076843", "name": "Francisco Sarabia", "admin1": "Chiapas", "lat": 16.77, "lon": -93.341, "altitude_m": 1051.9, "completeness_pct": 0 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076845", "name": "Sn. Cristobal Las Casas", "admin1": "Chiapas", "lat": 16.75, "lon": -92.633, "altitude_m": 2116.0, "completeness_pct": 73 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076848", "name": "Comitan", "admin1": "Chiapas", "lat": 16.25, "lon": -92.133, "altitude_m": 1646.0, "completeness_pct": 70 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076855", "name": "Puerto Angel", "admin1": "Oaxaca", "lat": 15.683, "lon": -96.483, "altitude_m": 46.0, "completeness_pct": 0 }, { "station_id": "MXM00076903", "name": "Tapachula", "admin1": "Chiapas", "lat": 14.917, "lon": -92.25, "altitude_m": 118.0, "completeness_pct": 0 } ], "categories": {} }, { "id": "downloads", "sources": [], "type": "links", "links": [ { "path": "report.json", "format": "json", "label": { "es": "Datos del reporte (JSON)", "en": "Report data (JSON)" } }, { "path": "data/", "format": "csv", "label": { "es": "Tablas (CSV)", "en": "Tables (CSV)" } } ] } ] }, { "id": "reference", "number": 11, "title": { "en": "Glossary, methodology and sources", "es": "Glosario, metodología y fuentes" }, "blocks": [ { "id": "glossary", "sources": [], "type": "text", "text": { "es": "Anomalía: diferencia entre el valor observado y su normal 1991–2020. Porcentaje de lo normal: acumulado observado dividido entre el normal, por 100. Récord de estación: valor diario más extremo del mismo mes en todos los años previos del registro (al menos 20 años).", "en": "Anomaly: difference between the observed value and its 1991–2020 normal. Percent of normal: observed total divided by the normal, times 100. Station record: most extreme daily value for the same month in all earlier years of record (at least 20 years)." } }, { "id": "methodology", "sources": [], "type": "text", "text": { "es": "Temperatura: CPC_TEMP (malla diaria de 0.5°); la temperatura media es (Tmáx + Tmín)/2. Precipitación: CPC. Los promedios nacionales, regionales y estatales se ponderan por el área de cada celda dentro de cada polígono. Las normales corresponden a 1991-2020; la posición en la serie compara valores redondeados a un decimal. Estaciones: GHCN-Daily (NOAA NCEI); se descartan los datos marcados por su control de calidad, los valores diarios a más de 5 desviaciones robustas de la mediana de la estación y las variables cuya anomalía mensual difiere más de 3 °C de la del análisis en malla. Los promedios requieren al menos 80 % de días con datos y las normales de estación al menos 20 años completos. Este reporte se genera automáticamente y no sustituye la información oficial del servicio meteorológico nacional.", "en": "Temperature: CPC_TEMP (0.5° daily grid); mean temperature is (Tmax + Tmin)/2. Precipitation: CPC. National, regional and state averages are weighted by the area of each grid cell inside each polygon. Normals refer to 1991-2020; ranks compare values rounded to one decimal. Stations: GHCN-Daily (NOAA NCEI); values flagged by its quality control are discarded, as are daily values more than 5 robust standard deviations from the station median and variables whose monthly anomaly differs by more than 3 °C from the gridded analysis. Period means require at least 80% of days with data and station normals at least 20 complete years. This report is generated automatically and does not replace official information from the national meteorological service." } }, { "id": "data_sources", "sources": [], "type": "table", "columns": [ { "id": "name", "label": { "es": "Fuente", "en": "Source" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "product", "label": { "es": "Producto", "en": "Product" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "license", "label": { "es": "Licencia", "en": "License" }, "dtype": "string" }, { "id": "citation", "label": { "es": "Cita", "en": "Citation" }, "dtype": "string" } ], "rows": [ { "name": "NOAA CPC", "product": "Official ENSO probabilities", "license": "Public domain (NOAA)", "citation": null }, { "name": "NOAA CPC", "product": "ONI, Niño-region SST indices (OISST v2.1), NAO and AO", "license": "Public domain (NOAA)", "citation": "NOAA Climate Prediction Center climate indices." }, { "name": "NOAA CPC / PSL", "product": "CPC Global Unified Gauge-Based Analysis of Daily Precipitation, 0.5°", "license": "Public domain (NOAA)", "citation": "CPC Global Unified Precipitation data provided by NOAA PSL, Boulder, CO, USA." }, { "name": "NOAA CPC / PSL", "product": "CPC Global Unified Temperature, daily 0.5°", "license": "Public domain (NOAA)", "citation": "CPC Global Unified Temperature data provided by NOAA PSL, Boulder, CO, USA." }, { "name": "NOAA NCEI / PSL", "product": "Extended Reconstructed SST v5 (ERSST v5), 2°", "license": "Public domain (NOAA)", "citation": "Huang et al. (2017), J. Climate, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0836.1" }, { "name": "GDACS", "product": "Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System event list", "license": "See provider terms", "citation": null }, { "name": "NOAA NCEI", "product": "GHCN-Daily", "license": "Public domain (NOAA)", "citation": "Menne et al. (2012), J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00103.1" }, { "name": "NOAA NCEI", "product": "IBTrACS v04r01 tropical-cyclone best tracks", "license": "Public domain (NOAA)", "citation": "Knapp et al. (2010), Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., doi:10.1175/2009BAMS2755.1" }, { "name": "NOAA NCEI", "product": "Pacific Decadal Oscillation index (ERSST v5)", "license": "Public domain (NOAA)", "citation": null }, { "name": "NOAA CPC", "product": "North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) tercile probabilities, 1°", "license": "Public domain (NOAA)", "citation": "Kirtman et al. (2014), Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00050.1" }, { "name": "NOAA PSL", "product": "Real-time OLR MJO Index (ROMI)", "license": "Public domain (NOAA)", "citation": "Kiladis et al. (2014), Mon. Wea. Rev., doi:10.1175/MWR-D-13-00301.1" }, { "name": "geoBoundaries", "product": "geoBoundaries gbOpen (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI))", "license": "Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)", "citation": null } ], "categories": {} }, { "id": "credits_contact", "sources": [], "type": "text", "text": { "es": "Generado por ClimaBulletin (climabulletin.org), código abierto. Comentarios: abra un issue en el repositorio del proyecto.", "en": "Generated by ClimaBulletin (climabulletin.org), open source. Feedback: open an issue in the project repository." } } ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "cpc_enso_outlook", "name": "NOAA CPC", "product": "Official ENSO probabilities", "url": "https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso/roni/probabilities/", "license": "Public domain (NOAA)" }, { "id": "cpc_indices", "name": "NOAA CPC", "product": "ONI, Niño-region SST indices (OISST v2.1), NAO and AO", "url": "https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/data/indices/", "license": "Public domain (NOAA)", "citation": "NOAA Climate Prediction Center climate indices." }, { "id": "cpc_precip", "name": "NOAA CPC / PSL", "product": "CPC Global Unified Gauge-Based Analysis of Daily Precipitation, 0.5°", "url": "https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.cpc.globalprecip.html", "license": "Public domain (NOAA)", "citation": "CPC Global Unified Precipitation data provided by NOAA PSL, Boulder, CO, USA." }, { "id": "cpc_temp", "name": "NOAA CPC / PSL", "product": "CPC Global Unified Temperature, daily 0.5°", "url": "https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.cpc.globaltemp.html", "license": "Public domain (NOAA)", "citation": "CPC Global Unified Temperature data provided by NOAA PSL, Boulder, CO, USA." }, { "id": "ersst", "name": "NOAA NCEI / PSL", "product": "Extended Reconstructed SST v5 (ERSST v5), 2°", "url": "https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.noaa.ersst.v5.html", "license": "Public domain (NOAA)", "citation": "Huang et al. (2017), J. Climate, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0836.1" }, { "id": "gdacs", "name": "GDACS", "product": "Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System event list", "url": "https://www.gdacs.org", "license": "See provider terms" }, { "id": "ghcn", "name": "NOAA NCEI", "product": "GHCN-Daily", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/land-based-station/global-historical-climatology-network-daily", "license": "Public domain (NOAA)", "citation": "Menne et al. (2012), J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00103.1" }, { "id": "ibtracs", "name": "NOAA NCEI", "product": "IBTrACS v04r01 tropical-cyclone best tracks", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/international-best-track-archive", "license": "Public domain (NOAA)", "citation": "Knapp et al. (2010), Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., doi:10.1175/2009BAMS2755.1" }, { "id": "ncei_pdo", "name": "NOAA NCEI", "product": "Pacific Decadal Oscillation index (ERSST v5)", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/pdo/", "license": "Public domain (NOAA)" }, { "id": "nmme", "name": "NOAA CPC", "product": "North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) tercile probabilities, 1°", "url": "https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/NMME/", "license": "Public domain (NOAA)", "citation": "Kirtman et al. (2014), Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00050.1" }, { "id": "psl_romi", "name": "NOAA PSL", "product": "Real-time OLR MJO Index (ROMI)", "url": "https://psl.noaa.gov/mjo/", "license": "Public domain (NOAA)", "citation": "Kiladis et al. (2014), Mon. Wea. 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