Mexico · Monthly
March 2026
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Version history (3)
- version 3 · Final · 2026-10-11 — no change in the headline figures
- version 2 · Final · 2026-10-11
- version 1 · Final · 2026-10-11 — first issue
1 Key messages and climate synopsis
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL, UCSB Climate Hazards Center
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL, UCSB Climate Hazards Center
2 Global and regional climate drivers
Sea-surface temperature anomaly, March 2026 (°C, 1991–2020)
Source: NOAA NCEI / PSL
Sea-surface temperature anomaly in the Niño regions (°C)
| Region | Anomaly (°C) | Change from preceding period (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| Niño 1+2 | 1.3 | 0.4 |
| Niño 3 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Niño 3.4 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
| Niño 4 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
Mean of the months in the period (OISST v2.1)
Source: NOAA CPC
ENSO-neutral conditions: the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) for JFM 2026 was −0.2 °C.
Source: NOAA CPC
Monthly Niño 3.4 anomaly, last 24 months (°C)
Source: NOAA CPC
MJO phase diagram (real-time OMI)
Source: NOAA PSL
Teleconnection indices
| Index | Value | Phase |
|---|---|---|
| PDO | −1.4 | Negative |
| NAO | 2.7 | Positive |
| TNA | 0.0 | Neutral |
Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO); North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO); Tropical North Atlantic (TNA).
Source: NOAA CPC, NOAA NCEI, NOAA PSL
The Niño 3.4 anomaly was +0.03 °C (+0.23 °C relative to the preceding period).
The MJO was active on 31 of 31 days, most often in phase 8 (Western Hemisphere and Africa); mean amplitude 1.6.
Other indices: PDO −1.42 (negative phase); NAO +2.69 (positive phase); TNA +0.04 (neutral phase).
3 Precipitation
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
Accumulated precipitation
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
Percent of normal precipitation (1991–2020)
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
Percent of normal by state
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
Precipitation by region
| Region | Total (mm) | Normal (mm) | Difference (%) | Category |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northwest | 10.3 | 12.8 | −19.8 | Near normal |
| North | 8.5 | 14.3 | −40.5 | Below normal |
| Northeast | 3.7 | 24.3 | −84.7 | Much below normal |
| North-central | 3.6 | 13.0 | −72.6 | Much below normal |
| West-central | 5.3 | 8.8 | −39.4 | Below normal |
| Central | 8.7 | 17.5 | −50.5 | Below normal |
| South | 23.9 | 19.9 | 19.9 | Near normal |
| East | 48.2 | 40.3 | 19.6 | Near normal |
| Yucatán Peninsula | 78.2 | 28.3 | 176.6 | Much above normal |
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
Daily national mean precipitation
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
Daily national mean and grid-cell maximum
| Day | National mean (mm) | Grid maximum (mm) | State |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-03-01 | 0.2 | 10.4 | Yucatán |
| 2026-03-02 | 0.2 | 11.6 | Yucatán |
| 2026-03-03 | 0.2 | 15.4 | Chihuahua |
| 2026-03-04 | 0.1 | 7.7 | Yucatán |
| 2026-03-05 | 0.6 | 49.3 | Yucatán |
| 2026-03-06 | 0.5 | 27.2 | Yucatán |
| 2026-03-07 | 0.3 | 15.0 | Quintana Roo |
| 2026-03-08 | 0.4 | 29.0 | Tamaulipas |
| 2026-03-09 | 0.4 | 46.9 | Baja California |
| 2026-03-10 | 0.5 | 20.7 | Chihuahua |
| 2026-03-11 | 0.1 | 12.9 | Quintana Roo |
| 2026-03-12 | 0.6 | 41.9 | Quintana Roo |
| 2026-03-13 | 1.0 | 66.6 | Chiapas |
| 2026-03-14 | 0.8 | 56.8 | Quintana Roo |
| 2026-03-15 | 0.2 | 25.8 | Yucatán |
| 2026-03-16 | 0.3 | 57.2 | Veracruz |
| 2026-03-17 | 3.3 | 150.6 | Chiapas |
| 2026-03-18 | 0.7 | 66.1 | Quintana Roo |
| 2026-03-19 | 0.4 | 23.5 | Campeche |
| 2026-03-20 | 0.2 | 18.3 | Veracruz |
| 2026-03-21 | 0.1 | 8.9 | Chiapas |
| 2026-03-22 | 0.1 | 9.7 | Oaxaca |
| 2026-03-23 | 0.1 | 7.5 | Jalisco |
| 2026-03-24 | 0.1 | 16.3 | Oaxaca |
| 2026-03-25 | 0.1 | 11.3 | Oaxaca |
| 2026-03-26 | 0.1 | 7.1 | Chiapas |
| 2026-03-27 | 0.2 | 14.7 | Chiapas |
| 2026-03-28 | 0.5 | 35.2 | Oaxaca |
| 2026-03-29 | 1.3 | 35.4 | Chiapas |
| 2026-03-30 | 1.8 | 46.7 | Chihuahua |
| 2026-03-31 | 1.1 | 27.0 | Sonora |
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
National precipitation in March of each year
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
National accumulated precipitation was 16.5 mm, 96% of the 1991–2020 average (17.1 mm), category “Near normal”. It was the 31st driest March in the 1981–2026 series.
The region with the highest percentage of normal was Yucatán Peninsula (277%) and the lowest was Northeast (15%).
The largest daily grid-cell total was estimated on 17 March in Chiapas (150.6 mm).
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
4 Temperature
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Mean temperature
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Mean temperature anomaly (1991–2020)
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Mean temperature anomaly by state
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
National mean temperature anomaly in March of each year
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
The national mean temperature was 22.2 °C, 2.4 °C above the 1991–2020 average (19.9 °C), category “Extremely above normal”. It was the warmest March in the 1979–2026 series.
By region, the largest anomaly was in Northwest (+4.8 °C) and the smallest in Central (−0.1 °C).
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Maximum temperature anomaly (1991–2020)
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Daily national maximum temperature
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
The national maximum temperature was 30.5 °C, 3.8 °C above the 1991–2020 average (26.7 °C), category “Extremely above normal”. It was the warmest March in the 1979–2026 series.
By region, the largest anomaly was in Northwest (+5.7 °C) and the smallest in Yucatán Peninsula (+0.4 °C).
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Minimum temperature anomaly (1991–2020)
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Daily national minimum temperature
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
The national minimum temperature was 13.9 °C, 1.0 °C above the 1991–2020 average (13.0 °C), category “Slightly above normal”. It was the 5th warmest March in the 1979–2026 series (tied with 2011).
By region, the largest anomaly was in Northwest (+4.0 °C) and the smallest in Central (−1.6 °C).
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
5 Climate extremes and records
Source: NOAA NCEI
Highest maximum temperature by state
| State | Station | Temperature (°C) | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baja California | Ejido Nuevo Leon (Obs) | 41.7 | 2026-03-20 |
| Chiapas | Francisco Sarabia | 38.5 | 2026-03-16 |
Source: NOAA NCEI
Lowest minimum temperature by state
| State | Station | Temperature (°C) | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baja California | San Felipe Bcn | 9.7 | 2026-03-10 |
| Chiapas | Francisco Sarabia | 18.0 | 2026-03-20 |
| Veracruz | Orizaba | 10.2 | 2026-03-02 |
| Yucatán | Progreso | 18.5 | 2026-03-21 |
Source: NOAA NCEI
Station records broken
| Station | State | Variable | New value | Date | Previous record | Previous date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ejido Nuevo Leon (Obs) | Baja California | Highest maximum temperature | 41.7 | 2026-03-20 | 37.8 | 2004-03-21 |
Most extreme daily value of the period against the same period in all earlier years of record (at least 20 years; for weeks, the same calendar month).
Source: NOAA NCEI
Climate-extremes indices (national mean)
| Index | Description | Value | Normal | Difference | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TX90p | Warm days (Tmax > 90th percentile) | 47.9 | 10.0 | 37.9 | % |
| TN90p | Warm nights (Tmin > 90th percentile) | 15.0 | 10.0 | 5.0 | % |
| TX10p | Cool days (Tmax < 10th percentile) | 2.3 | 10.0 | −7.7 | % |
| TN10p | Cold nights (Tmin < 10th percentile) | 5.7 | 10.0 | −4.3 | % |
| FD | Frost days (Tmin < 0 °C) | 0.1 | 0.5 | −0.5 | d |
| SU | Summer days (Tmax > 25 °C) | 27.5 | 20.3 | 7.2 | d |
| TR | Tropical nights (Tmin > 20 °C) | 5.0 | 4.7 | 0.3 | d |
| WSDI | Warm spell days (≥ 6 days) | 6.5 | — | — | d |
| CSDI | Cold spell days (≥ 6 days) | 0.2 | — | — | d |
| Rx1day | Maximum 1-day precipitation | 7.9 | 7.2 | 0.7 | mm |
| Rx5day | Maximum 5-day precipitation | 11.1 | 10.5 | 0.6 | mm |
| CDD | Consecutive dry days (< 1 mm) | 22.0 | 22.2 | −0.2 | d |
| CWD | Consecutive wet days (≥ 1 mm) | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.1 | d |
Percentile indices relative to calendar-day percentiles of 1991–2020 (5-day window); counts and maxima averaged over the country's grid cells.
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Frost days by state
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Heat and cold waves
| Dates | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-03-01 – 2026-03-04 | Heat wave | Up to 73% of the country above the 90th percentile of Tmax. Regions: Northwest, North, Northeast, North-central and West-central. |
| 2026-03-13 – 2026-03-15 | Heat wave | Up to 79% of the country above the 90th percentile of Tmax. Regions: Northwest, North, Northeast, North-central, West-central and South. |
| 2026-03-25 – 2026-03-27 | Heat wave | Up to 61% of the country above the 90th percentile of Tmax. Regions: Northwest, North, Northeast, North-central and West-central. |
Wave: at least 3 consecutive days with at least half of the country above the 90th percentile of maximum temperature (heat) or below the 10th percentile of minimum temperature (cold). At most the 10 most intense are listed.
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
6 Drought
Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) ending March 2026
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
Share of the country by SPI category
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
States with the lowest SPI-3
| State | SPI-1 | SPI-3 | SPI-6 | SPI-12 | Category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tamaulipas | −1.3 | −2.0 | −0.9 | −0.2 | Extreme drought |
| Tlaxcala | −0.9 | −1.6 | −0.5 | 1.2 | Severe drought |
| Ciudad de México | −1.0 | −1.5 | −0.5 | 1.5 | Moderate drought |
| Nuevo León | −0.8 | −1.4 | −1.4 | −1.0 | Moderate drought |
| Puebla | −0.5 | −1.2 | 0.1 | 0.6 | Moderate drought |
| San Luis Potosí | −0.5 | −1.0 | −1.1 | 0.0 | Mild drought |
| Veracruz | −0.5 | −1.0 | 0.8 | 0.9 | Mild drought |
| Querétaro | −0.7 | −0.9 | −0.3 | 1.0 | Mild drought |
| Morelos | −0.4 | −0.9 | 0.1 | 1.4 | Mild drought |
| Aguascalientes | −0.3 | −0.8 | −1.0 | 0.2 | Mild drought |
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
SPI-3 (Jan–Mar 2026): national mean −0.30; 17% of the country in drought (SPI ≤ −1.0) and 9% in severe or extreme drought.
Most affected states: Tamaulipas (−2.02), Tlaxcala (−1.61) and Ciudad de México (−1.46).
SPI-1 (March 2026): 29% of the country in drought.
SPI-6 (Oct 2025–Mar 2026): 21% of the country in drought.
SPI-12 (Apr 2025–Mar 2026): 13% of the country in drought.
7 Severe weather and notable events
No tropical cyclone came within 300 km of the country.
9 Outlook
Outlook for April 2026: most likely tercile
Source: NOAA CPC
Outlook for Apr–Jun 2026: most likely tercile
Source: NOAA CPC
Probability of each tercile by region, Apr–Jun 2026 (%)
| Region | Precipitation: below | Precipitation: normal | Precipitation: above | Temp.: below | Temp.: normal | Temp.: above |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northwest | 22.0 | 31.0 | 47.0 | 19.0 | 26.0 | 55.0 |
| North | 25.0 | 33.0 | 42.0 | 7.0 | 24.0 | 70.0 |
| Northeast | 31.0 | 31.0 | 38.0 | 6.0 | 32.0 | 62.0 |
| North-central | 24.0 | 32.0 | 44.0 | 6.0 | 26.0 | 68.0 |
| West-central | 19.0 | 33.0 | 48.0 | 10.0 | 25.0 | 64.0 |
| Central | 29.0 | 33.0 | 38.0 | 14.0 | 33.0 | 53.0 |
| South | 32.0 | 32.0 | 36.0 | 24.0 | 31.0 | 46.0 |
| East | 33.0 | 33.0 | 34.0 | 24.0 | 28.0 | 48.0 |
| Yucatán Peninsula | 36.0 | 33.0 | 32.0 | 18.0 | 24.0 | 58.0 |
Source: NOAA CPC
Probabilistic outlook from the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME), initialised in April 2026, relative to 1991–2020 terciles. It is not an official forecast: consult the national meteorological service.
Precipitation, April 2026: above normal is favoured over 71% of the country and below normal over 1%.
Mean temperature, April 2026: above normal is favoured over 80% of the country and below normal over 1%.
Precipitation, Apr–Jun 2026: above normal is favoured over 47% of the country and below normal over 0%.
Mean temperature, Apr–Jun 2026: above normal is favoured over 95% of the country and below normal over 0%.
10 Annexes
Report climate regions
Monthly precipitation by state (mm)
| State | Jan | Feb | Mar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aguascalientes | 7.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 |
| Baja California | 16.4 | 24.3 | 6.7 |
| Baja California Sur | 18.6 | 2.2 | 0.3 |
| Campeche | 29.9 | 17.4 | 55.1 |
| Chiapas | 51.1 | 29.8 | 55.7 |
| Chihuahua | 27.3 | 15.2 | 13.1 |
| Ciudad de México | 1.0 | 0.1 | 2.5 |
| Coahuila | 14.6 | 0.6 | 1.8 |
| Colima | 18.9 | 0.0 | 0.9 |
| Durango | 33.5 | 1.1 | 7.5 |
| Guanajuato | 11.7 | 0.0 | 0.8 |
| Guerrero | 5.8 | 5.6 | 1.2 |
| Hidalgo | 8.0 | 2.3 | 15.3 |
| Jalisco | 15.7 | 0.7 | 9.0 |
| Estado de México | 8.6 | 0.4 | 2.8 |
| Michoacán | 13.9 | 0.1 | 2.3 |
| Morelos | 0.1 | 1.2 | 1.7 |
| Nayarit | 15.0 | 0.6 | 8.1 |
| Nuevo León | 7.5 | 0.1 | 4.8 |
| Oaxaca | 18.1 | 15.4 | 14.5 |
| Puebla | 9.1 | 6.3 | 12.1 |
| Querétaro | 5.8 | 0.3 | 3.5 |
| Quintana Roo | 39.6 | 20.6 | 116.5 |
| San Luis Potosí | 9.3 | 0.7 | 4.6 |
| Sinaloa | 36.9 | 4.6 | 8.1 |
| Sonora | 38.1 | 11.6 | 16.3 |
| Tabasco | 136.7 | 43.6 | 114.7 |
| Tamaulipas | 4.1 | 0.1 | 2.8 |
| Tlaxcala | 1.4 | 0.0 | 4.5 |
| Veracruz | 51.1 | 27.3 | 25.4 |
| Yucatán | 21.8 | 10.4 | 68.6 |
| Zacatecas | 13.2 | 0.0 | 2.7 |
Source: UCSB Climate Hazards Center
Monthly maximum temperature by state (°C)
| State | Jan | Feb | Mar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aguascalientes | 22.8 | 27.4 | 28.3 |
| Baja California | 21.2 | 23.2 | 28.1 |
| Baja California Sur | 25.5 | 27.5 | 30.1 |
| Campeche | 28.5 | 30.1 | 32.4 |
| Chiapas | 27.8 | 29.1 | 30.8 |
| Chihuahua | 19.1 | 24.1 | 29.1 |
| Ciudad de México | 21.0 | 23.8 | 23.0 |
| Coahuila | 20.6 | 27.7 | 30.7 |
| Colima | 31.1 | 31.9 | 32.6 |
| Durango | 22.3 | 27.2 | 29.4 |
| Guanajuato | 25.1 | 29.2 | 29.7 |
| Guerrero | 32.1 | 33.7 | 33.5 |
| Hidalgo | 22.2 | 25.9 | 26.5 |
| Jalisco | 27.4 | 30.0 | 30.9 |
| Estado de México | 24.1 | 27.3 | 26.6 |
| Michoacán | 30.8 | 33.4 | 33.8 |
| Morelos | 29.0 | 32.3 | 32.1 |
| Nayarit | 28.4 | 30.3 | 31.2 |
| Nuevo León | 22.4 | 28.6 | 31.1 |
| Oaxaca | 28.9 | 30.1 | 31.4 |
| Puebla | 25.9 | 28.6 | 28.8 |
| Querétaro | 23.4 | 27.6 | 28.4 |
| Quintana Roo | 29.0 | 30.2 | 32.0 |
| San Luis Potosí | 23.2 | 28.2 | 29.3 |
| Sinaloa | 29.1 | 30.8 | 32.7 |
| Sonora | 23.5 | 27.1 | 32.3 |
| Tabasco | 27.1 | 28.7 | 30.8 |
| Tamaulipas | 23.4 | 29.0 | 31.9 |
| Tlaxcala | 22.7 | 25.4 | 24.8 |
| Veracruz | 25.2 | 27.3 | 29.4 |
| Yucatán | 29.7 | 31.5 | 33.3 |
| Zacatecas | 20.7 | 25.8 | 26.7 |
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Monthly mean temperature by state (°C)
| State | Jan | Feb | Mar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aguascalientes | 14.8 | 17.6 | 19.0 |
| Baja California | 16.2 | 17.6 | 21.8 |
| Baja California Sur | 19.7 | 21.0 | 23.7 |
| Campeche | 22.6 | 23.3 | 26.4 |
| Chiapas | 22.5 | 22.7 | 25.3 |
| Chihuahua | 10.5 | 14.6 | 18.9 |
| Ciudad de México | 12.7 | 14.4 | 14.9 |
| Coahuila | 12.8 | 18.4 | 21.8 |
| Colima | 25.2 | 25.6 | 25.8 |
| Durango | 13.9 | 17.1 | 19.4 |
| Guanajuato | 16.9 | 19.3 | 20.5 |
| Guerrero | 24.6 | 25.5 | 25.7 |
| Hidalgo | 14.9 | 16.8 | 18.2 |
| Jalisco | 19.4 | 21.1 | 21.9 |
| Estado de México | 15.2 | 16.7 | 17.5 |
| Michoacán | 22.0 | 23.7 | 24.3 |
| Morelos | 19.7 | 22.1 | 23.1 |
| Nayarit | 21.2 | 22.2 | 23.2 |
| Nuevo León | 15.0 | 20.0 | 22.7 |
| Oaxaca | 21.1 | 21.5 | 23.6 |
| Puebla | 17.2 | 18.5 | 19.8 |
| Querétaro | 16.4 | 18.7 | 20.1 |
| Quintana Roo | 23.2 | 23.5 | 26.2 |
| San Luis Potosí | 15.4 | 18.3 | 20.1 |
| Sinaloa | 20.9 | 22.0 | 24.8 |
| Sonora | 16.2 | 19.2 | 23.5 |
| Tabasco | 23.4 | 23.9 | 26.8 |
| Tamaulipas | 16.7 | 20.7 | 24.0 |
| Tlaxcala | 13.2 | 14.6 | 15.2 |
| Veracruz | 20.5 | 21.6 | 24.2 |
| Yucatán | 23.3 | 24.0 | 26.6 |
| Zacatecas | 13.4 | 16.8 | 17.9 |
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Monthly minimum temperature by state (°C)
| State | Jan | Feb | Mar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aguascalientes | 6.8 | 7.9 | 9.7 |
| Baja California | 11.2 | 12.1 | 15.5 |
| Baja California Sur | 14.0 | 14.5 | 17.2 |
| Campeche | 16.7 | 16.5 | 20.4 |
| Chiapas | 17.1 | 16.3 | 19.9 |
| Chihuahua | 2.0 | 5.0 | 8.6 |
| Ciudad de México | 4.5 | 5.0 | 6.7 |
| Coahuila | 4.9 | 9.1 | 12.9 |
| Colima | 19.3 | 19.4 | 18.9 |
| Durango | 5.5 | 7.1 | 9.5 |
| Guanajuato | 8.6 | 9.4 | 11.2 |
| Guerrero | 17.2 | 17.2 | 17.9 |
| Hidalgo | 7.7 | 7.8 | 9.8 |
| Jalisco | 11.3 | 12.2 | 12.9 |
| Estado de México | 6.3 | 6.1 | 8.4 |
| Michoacán | 13.3 | 13.9 | 14.8 |
| Morelos | 10.5 | 11.8 | 14.2 |
| Nayarit | 14.0 | 14.2 | 15.2 |
| Nuevo León | 7.7 | 11.5 | 14.3 |
| Oaxaca | 13.4 | 12.9 | 15.8 |
| Puebla | 8.5 | 8.4 | 10.8 |
| Querétaro | 9.4 | 9.8 | 11.9 |
| Quintana Roo | 17.5 | 16.7 | 20.4 |
| San Luis Potosí | 7.5 | 8.5 | 10.9 |
| Sinaloa | 12.8 | 13.3 | 16.9 |
| Sonora | 8.8 | 11.3 | 14.8 |
| Tabasco | 19.7 | 19.2 | 22.8 |
| Tamaulipas | 10.0 | 12.3 | 16.1 |
| Tlaxcala | 3.8 | 3.7 | 5.6 |
| Veracruz | 15.8 | 15.9 | 18.9 |
| Yucatán | 16.9 | 16.5 | 20.0 |
| Zacatecas | 6.1 | 7.7 | 9.2 |
Source: NOAA CPC / PSL
Stations used
| Id | Name | State | Latitude | Longitude | Altitude (m) | Days with data (Tmax) (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MXM00076040 | Ejido Nuevo Leon (Obs) | Baja California | 32.4 | −115.2 | 11.3 | 71.0 |
| MXM00076055 | San Felipe Bcn | Baja California | 31.0 | −114.8 | 15.0 | 77.0 |
| MXM00076061 | Puerto Penasco | Sonora | 31.3 | −113.5 | 62.0 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076593 | Progreso | Yucatán | 21.3 | −89.7 | 2.4 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076737 | Orizaba | Veracruz | 18.9 | −97.1 | 1259.0 | 0.0 |
| MXM00076843 | Francisco Sarabia | Chiapas | 16.8 | −93.3 | 1051.9 | 68.0 |
Source: NOAA NCEI
11 Glossary, methodology and sources
Anomaly: difference between the observed value and its 1991–2020 normal. Percent of normal: observed total divided by the normal, times 100. Station record: most extreme daily value for the same month in all earlier years of record (at least 20 years).
Temperature: CPC_TEMP (0.5° daily grid); mean temperature is (Tmax + Tmin)/2. Precipitation: CHIRPS. National, regional and state averages are weighted by the area of each grid cell inside each polygon. Normals refer to 1991-2020; ranks compare values rounded to one decimal. Stations: GHCN-Daily (NOAA NCEI); values flagged by its quality control are discarded, as are daily values more than 5 robust standard deviations from the station median and variables whose monthly anomaly differs by more than 3 °C from the gridded analysis. Period means require at least 80% of days with data and station normals at least 20 complete years. This report is generated automatically and does not replace official information from the national meteorological service.
| Source | Product | License | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| UCSB Climate Hazards Center | CHIRPS v3.0, 0.05° | See provider terms | Climate Hazards Center, UC Santa Barbara. CHIRPS v3.0. |
| NOAA CPC | ONI, Niño-region SST indices (OISST v2.1), NAO and AO | Public domain (NOAA) | NOAA Climate Prediction Center climate indices. |
| NOAA CPC / PSL | CPC Global Unified Gauge-Based Analysis of Daily Precipitation, 0.5° | Public domain (NOAA) | CPC Global Unified Precipitation data provided by NOAA PSL, Boulder, CO, USA. |
| NOAA CPC / PSL | CPC Global Unified Temperature, daily 0.5° | Public domain (NOAA) | CPC Global Unified Temperature data provided by NOAA PSL, Boulder, CO, USA. |
| NOAA NCEI / PSL | Extended Reconstructed SST v5 (ERSST v5), 2° | Public domain (NOAA) | Huang et al. (2017), J. Climate, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0836.1 |
| GDACS | Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System event list | See provider terms | — |
| NOAA NCEI | GHCN-Daily | Public domain (NOAA) | Menne et al. (2012), J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00103.1 |
| NOAA NCEI | IBTrACS v04r01 tropical-cyclone best tracks | Public domain (NOAA) | Knapp et al. (2010), Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., doi:10.1175/2009BAMS2755.1 |
| NOAA NCEI | Pacific Decadal Oscillation index (ERSST v5) | Public domain (NOAA) | — |
| NOAA CPC | North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) tercile probabilities, 1° | Public domain (NOAA) | Kirtman et al. (2014), Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00050.1 |
| NOAA PSL | Real-time OLR MJO Index (ROMI) | Public domain (NOAA) | Kiladis et al. (2014), Mon. Wea. Rev., doi:10.1175/MWR-D-13-00301.1 |
| NOAA PSL | Tropical Northern Atlantic index (TNA) | Public domain (NOAA) | Enfield et al. (1999), J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/1999JC900039 |
| geoBoundaries | geoBoundaries gbOpen (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI)) | Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO) | — |
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